The largest meta-analysis on the global prevalence of microsporidia in mammals, avian and water provides insights into the epidemic features of these ubiquitous pathogens.
The largest meta-analysis on the global prevalence of microsporidia in mammals, avian and water provides insights into the epidemic features of these ubiquitous pathogens.
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关于全球哺乳动物、鸟类和水中微孢子虫流行率的最大荟萃分析，提供了对这些普遍存在的病原体的流行特征的见解
DOI：
10.1186/s13071-021-04700-x
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Zhou Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruan Y;Xu X;He Q;Li L;Guo J;Bao J;Pan G;Li T;Zhou Z
背景微孢子虫是一种专性胞内寄生虫，可感染几乎所有的无脊椎动物和脊椎动物，对公众健康构成威胁，并给蜜蜂、蚕和虾等畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失。然而，这些病原体的全球流行病学是远离illuminated.MethodsPublications微孢子虫感染，从PubMed，科学直接和Web的科学和过滤，根据纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表。从出版物中手动检索有关病原体、宿主、地理和采样日期的感染数据，并筛选高质量数据。通过荟萃分析对不同病原体和宿主的患病率和危险因素进行分析。结果截至2020年1月31日，共获得4129篇文献中符合要求的287篇，检索到有效的流行病学数据记录385条。人、猪、狗、猫、牛、羊、非人灵长类动物和家禽的总患病率分别为10.2% [2429/30，354; 95%可信区间（CI）9.2-11.2%]、39.3%[2429/30，354; 95%可信区间（CI）9.2%-11.2%]和39.3%[2429/30，354]。（2709/5105; 95% CI 28.5-50.1%），8.8%（228/2890; 95% CI 5.1-10.1%），8.1%（112/1226; 95% CI 5.5-10.8%），16.6%（2216/12，175; 95% CI 13.5-19.8%）、24.9%（1142/5967; 95% CI 18.6-31.1%）、18.5%（1388/7009; 95% CI 13.1-23.8%）和7.8%（725/9243; 95% CI 6.4-9.2%）。猪中的较高患病率表明，考虑到微孢子虫在人畜共患病中的潜在作用，应更加重视动物中微孢子虫的常规检测。在水中检出率最高，为58.5%（869/1351; 95%CI 41.6-75.5%），表明水是重要的感染源。单因素回归分析显示，CD 4 + T细胞计数和生活环境分别是人类和非人灵长类动物的显著危险因素。从地理上看，微孢子虫已在92个国家广泛发现，其中北方和南非的流行率最高。在季节性方面，最流行的分类群，肠胞虫bieneusian和脑胞虫，显示不同的流行趋势，但没有观察到显着差异的季节。除了具有高流行率之外，微孢子虫还极其多样化，因为在7个物种中已经鉴定出728种基因型。虽然调查较少，微孢子虫合并感染更常见的人类免疫缺陷病毒和隐孢子虫比其他pathogenics.ConclusionsThis研究提供了最大规模的荟萃分析，迄今为止在哺乳动物，鸟类和水的微孢子虫的患病率在世界范围内。结果表明，微孢子虫在某些动物和水体中具有高度的多样性、广泛性和流行性，应进一步调查以更好地了解其流行特征。
BackgroundMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that can infect nearly all invertebrates and vertebrates, posing a threat to public health and causing large economic losses to animal industries such as those of honeybees, silkworms and shrimp. However, the global epidemiology of these pathogens is far from illuminated.MethodsPublications on microsporidian infections were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science and filtered according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Infection data about pathogens, hosts, geography and sampling dates were manually retrieved from the publications and screened for high quality. Prevalence rates and risk factors for different pathogens and hosts were analyzed by conducting a meta-analysis. The geographic distribution and seasonal prevalence of microsporidian infections were drawn and summarized according to sampling locations and date, respectively.ResultsAltogether, 287 out of 4129 publications up to 31 January 2020 were obtained and met the requirements, from which 385 epidemiological data records were retrieved and effective. The overall prevalence rates in humans, pigs, dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, nonhuman primates and fowl were 10.2% [2429/30,354; 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.2–11.2%], 39.3% (2709/5105; 95% CI 28.5–50.1%), 8.8% (228/2890; 95% CI 5.1–10.1%), 8.1% (112/1226; 95% CI 5.5–10.8%), 16.6% (2216/12,175; 95% CI 13.5–19.8%), 24.9% (1142/5967; 95% CI 18.6–31.1%), 18.5% (1388/7009; 95% CI 13.1–23.8%) and 7.8% (725/9243; 95% CI 6.4–9.2%), respectively. The higher prevalence in pigs suggests that routine detection of microsporidia in animals should be given more attention, considering their potential roles in zoonotic disease. The highest rate was detected in water, 58.5% (869/1351; 95% CI 41.6–75.5%), indicating that water is an important source of infections. Univariate regression analysis showed that CD4+ T cell counts and the living environment are significant risk factors for humans and nonhuman primates, respectively. Geographically, microsporidia have been widely found in 92 countries, among which Northern Europe and South Africa have the highest prevalence. In terms of seasonality, the most prevalent taxa,Enterocytozoon bieneusiandEncephalitozoon, display different prevalence trends, but no significant difference between seasons was observed. In addition to having a high prevalence, microsporidia are extremely divergent because 728 genotypes have been identified in 7 species. Although less investigated, microsporidia coinfections are more common with human immunodeficiency virus andCryptosporidiumthan with other pathogens.ConclusionsThis study provides the largest-scale meta-analysis to date on microsporidia prevalence in mammals, birds and water worldwide. The results suggest that microsporidia are highly divergent, widespread and prevalent in some animals and water and should be further investigated to better understand their epidemic features.Graphical Abstract
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通过下水道溢流和废水合并，新兴的人类致病性隐孢子虫物种和亚型的环境迁移
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Huang, Chengchen;Hu, Yue;Xiao, Lihua
通讯作者：
Xiao, Lihua
通过废水中寄生虫的基因分型和分型对隐孢子虫属、十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫和比氏肠细胞虫进行分子监测
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Li N;Xiao L;Wang L;Zhao S;Zhao X;Duan L;Guo M;Liu L;Feng Y
通讯作者：
Feng Y
DOI：
10.1590/s1984-296120180096
发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
影响因子：
--
作者：
Prado, Jamille Batista Faria;Ramos, Carlos Alberto do Nascimento;Terra, Veronica Jorge Babo
通讯作者：
Terra, Veronica Jorge Babo
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Hassan，Nur-Amirah;Lim，Yvonne A. L.;Ngui，Romano
通讯作者：
Ngui，Romano
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
He, Xinyi;He, Xiangkang;Lu, Xingmeng
通讯作者：
Lu, Xingmeng