Understanding Antibody Responses in Early Life: Baby Steps towards Developing an Effective Influenza Vaccine.
Understanding Antibody Responses in Early Life: Baby Steps towards Developing an Effective Influenza Vaccine.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/v13071392
复制
发表时间：
2021-07-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alexander-Miller MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clemens EA;Alexander-Miller MA
小婴儿的免疫系统在数量和质量上都与成人不同，其反应能力下降，使这些人容易受到感染。因此，小婴儿因流感病毒等呼吸道病原体而发病率和死亡率增加。这些个体中强烈和持久的抗体反应的产生受损，使得通过疫苗接种克服这种增加的脆弱性具有挑战性。因此，目前还没有针对 6 个月以下婴儿的流感病毒有效疫苗。此外，由于病毒株之间的抗原变异性很高，即使在成年人中，针对流感病毒的疫苗接种也具有挑战性，即使在诱导强烈的免疫反应后也可能导致免疫逃避。这引起了人们对了解如何对流感病毒的可变和保守成分形成特异性抗体反应的极大兴趣，因为免疫反应往往强烈支持对可变表位的识别。因此，在幼儿中引发广泛的保护性抗体需要有效解决幼儿免疫的独特特征以及表位之间存在的抗体免疫优势。在这里，我们回顾了目前对新生儿和小婴儿抗体反应的理解，并讨论了可以调节 IAV 特异性抗体的大小和表位特异性的疫苗接种策略的最新进展。
The immune system of young infants is both quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from that of adults, with diminished responsiveness leaving these individuals vulnerable to infection. Because of this, young infants suffer increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory pathogens such as influenza viruses. The impaired generation of robust and persistent antibody responses in these individuals makes overcoming this increased vulnerability through vaccination challenging. Because of this, an effective vaccine against influenza viruses in infants under 6 months is not available. Furthermore, vaccination against influenza viruses is challenging even in adults due to the high antigenic variability across viral strains, allowing immune evasion even after induction of robust immune responses. This has led to substantial interest in understanding how specific antibody responses are formed to variable and conserved components of influenza viruses, as immune responses tend to strongly favor recognition of variable epitopes. Elicitation of broadly protective antibody in young infants, therefore, requires that both the unique characteristics of young infant immunity as well as the antibody immunodominance present among epitopes be effectively addressed. Here, we review our current understanding of the antibody response in newborns and young infants and discuss recent developments in vaccination strategies that can modulate both magnitude and epitope specificity of IAV-specific antibody.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Bergström JJ;Xu H;Heyman B
通讯作者：
Heyman B
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
Baumgarth N
通讯作者：
Baumgarth N
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Bowen, Amber L.;Tian, Cuixia;Crowe, James E., Jr.
通讯作者：
Crowe, James E., Jr.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Basha S;Surendran N;Pichichero M
通讯作者：
Pichichero M
DOI：
10.4049/jimmunol.1401410
发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alexander-Miller MA
通讯作者：
Alexander-Miller MA