Science PhD career preferences: levels, changes, and advisor encouragement.
Science PhD career preferences: levels, changes, and advisor encouragement.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0036307
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Roach M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sauermann H;Roach M
尽管学术研究通常被认为是受过博士教育的科学家的首选职业道路，但大多数美国毕业生进入工业、政府或“替代职业”。越来越多的人担心，这些职业模式反映了寻求学术职位的科学家的供应与这些职位的可用性之间的根本不平衡。然而，尽管政府统计数据提供了对已实现的职业转变的见解，但很少有关于科学家职业偏好的系统数据，因此也很少有关于观察到的职业道路与科学家偏好之间不匹配的程度的系统数据。此外，我们缺乏系统的证据表明，职业偏好是否会在博士培训过程中发生调整，以及导师鼓励学生追求学术职位，在多大程度上加剧了失衡。基于对美国一流大学博士生的全国性调查，我们提供了关于生命科学、物理和化学领域初级科学家职业偏好的见解。我们还表明，在博士课程的过程中，学术职业的吸引力显著下降，尽管导师强烈鼓励学术职业而不是非学术职业。我们的数据为人们对劳动力市场失衡的普遍担忧提供了经验基础。我们的研究结果还表明，需要建立一种机制，为博士申请者提供信息，使他们能够仔细权衡攻读博士学位的成本和收益，以及建立一种机制，补充就业市场顾问给他们现在的学生的建议。
Even though academic research is often viewed as the preferred career path for PhD trained scientists, most U.S. graduates enter careers in industry, government, or “alternative careers.” There has been a growing concern that these career patterns reflect fundamental imbalances between the supply of scientists seeking academic positions and the availability of such positions. However, while government statistics provide insights into realized career transitions, there is little systematic data on scientists' career preferences and thus on the degree to which there is a mismatch between observed career paths and scientists' preferences. Moreover, we lack systematic evidence whether career preferences adjust over the course of the PhD training and to what extent advisors exacerbate imbalances by encouraging their students to pursue academic positions. Based on a national survey of PhD students at tier-one U.S. institutions, we provide insights into the career preferences of junior scientists across the life sciences, physics, and chemistry. We also show that the attractiveness of academic careers decreases significantly over the course of the PhD program, despite the fact that advisors strongly encourage academic careers over non-academic careers. Our data provide an empirical basis for common concerns regarding labor market imbalances. Our results also suggest the need for mechanisms that provide PhD applicants with information that allows them to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of pursuing a PhD, as well as for mechanisms that complement the job market advice advisors give to their current students.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Hamilton, BH
通讯作者：
Hamilton, BH
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Grimaldi, Rosa;Kenney, Martin;Wright, Mike
通讯作者：
Wright, Mike
影响因子：
3
作者：
Fox, MF;Stephan, PE
通讯作者：
Stephan, PE
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Mangematin, V
通讯作者：
Mangematin, V
DOI：
10.1187/cbe.11-02-0013
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
CBE life sciences education
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fuhrmann CN;Halme DG;O'Sullivan PS;Lindstaedt B
通讯作者：
Lindstaedt B