Modeling subjective relevance in schizophrenia and its relation to aberrant salience.
Modeling subjective relevance in schizophrenia and its relation to aberrant salience.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006319
复制
发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Schlagenhauf F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katthagen T;Mathys C;Deserno L;Walter H;Kathmann N;Heinz A;Schlagenhauf F
在精神分裂症中，对不相关事件的异常显著性增加和对相关信息的学习减少可能与相关性检测的潜在缺陷有关。到目前为止，还没有对精神分裂症患者的相关性进行主观估计。关于相关性的信念形成及其转化为决策的机制尚不清楚。采用新颖的计算方法，研究了42名精神分裂症患者和42名健康个体内隐学习过程中的相关性检测。参与者在检测学习任务的结果时接受了功能性磁共振成像。这些线索之前是不同颜色和形状的线索，这些线索与预测结果相关或无关。我们提出了一种基于贝叶斯精度的相关性的新定义，并将反应时间建模为相关性加权无符号预测误差（UPE）的函数。对于异常显著性，我们评估了对主观无关提示表现的反应。参与者学会了偶然性，并在意外事件发生后放慢了反应速度。模型选择揭示了个体对线索特征的相关性进行推断，并利用其对相关线索特征进行行为适应。相关加权UPEs与背前扣带皮层激活和海马失活相关。在患者中，对主观任务无关信息的异常显著性偏差增加，并与纹状体UPE激活减少和阴性症状增加相关。本研究表明，基于贝叶斯精度的相关性估计可以从观察到的行为中推断出来。这强调了相关性检测作为复杂环境中行为适应的潜在机制的重要性，并增强了对精神分裂症异常显著性的理解。精神分裂症患者表现出对刺激意义的适当归因缺陷；比如对不相关信息的处理异常增加，对相关信息的处理不足。我们旨在研究精神分裂症患者相关性检测的主观性及其缺陷，并开发了一种允许从相关和不相关信息中平行学习的内隐学习范式。基于主观关联可以被贝叶斯精度捕获的想法，我们建立了不同的主观关联如何指导学习和行为适应的计算模型。研究发现，被试使用贝叶斯精度来估计刺激相关性，以整合多维信息并更好地适应主观相关刺激。这种相关性加权适应与显著性网络内的大脑激活相关。此外，精神分裂症患者对不相关事件的异常倾向增加，这与相关学习信号的纹状体编码减少有关。综上所述，我们的研究结果证明了如何从计算模型中推断出个人对相关性的信念。此外，我们认为在精神分裂症患者中观察到的异常显著性反映了高度主观不确定性状态下的特质偏见。
In schizophrenia, increased aberrant salience to irrelevant events and reduced learning of relevant information may relate to an underlying deficit in relevance detection. So far, subjective estimates of relevance have not been probed in schizophrenia patients. The mechanisms underlying belief formation about relevance and their translation into decisions are unclear. Using novel computational methods, we investigated relevance detection during implicit learning in 42 schizophrenia patients and 42 healthy individuals. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while detecting the outcomes in a learning task. These were preceded by cues differing in color and shape, which were either relevant or irrelevant for outcome prediction. We provided a novel definition of relevance based on Bayesian precision and modeled reaction times as a function of relevance weighted unsigned prediction errors (UPE). For aberrant salience, we assessed responses to subjectively irrelevant cue manifestations. Participants learned the contingencies and slowed down their responses following unexpected events. Model selection revealed that individuals inferred the relevance of cue features and used it for behavioral adaption to the relevant cue feature. Relevance weighted UPEs correlated with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation and hippocampus deactivation. In patients, the aberrant salience bias to subjectively task-irrelevant information was increased and correlated with decreased striatal UPE activation and increased negative symptoms. This study shows that relevance estimates based on Bayesian precision can be inferred from observed behavior. This underscores the importance of relevance detection as an underlying mechanism for behavioral adaptation in complex environments and enhances the understanding of aberrant salience in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients display deficits in the appropriate attribution of meaningfulness to stimuli; such as aberrantly increased processing of irrelevant and insufficient processing of relevant information. We aimed to investigate the subjective nature of relevance detection and its deficit in schizophrenia and developed an implicit learning paradigm that allowed for parallel learning from relevant and irrelevant information. Based on the idea that subjective relevance might be captured by Bayesian precision we set up different computational models of how subjective relevance guides learning and behavioral adaptation. We found that subjects use Bayesian precision to estimate stimulus relevance in order to integrate multidimensional information and adapt more to the subjectively relevant stimuli. This relevance weighted adaptation correlated with brain activation within the salience network. Further, schizophrenia patients displayed an increased aberrant tendency to irrelevant events which related to decreased striatal coding of the relevant learning signal. To conclude, our findings demonstrate how individual beliefs about relevance can be inferred from computational models. Furthermore, we suggest that aberrant salience observed in patients with schizophrenia reflects an idiosyncratic bias in states of high subjective uncertainty.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Heinz, A
通讯作者：
Heinz, A
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
FitzGerald, Thomas H. B.;Schwartenbeck, Philipp;Dolan, Raymond J.
通讯作者：
Dolan, Raymond J.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2005.1622
发表时间：
2005-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Friston, KJ
通讯作者：
Friston, KJ
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Diederen KM;Spencer T;Vestergaard MD;Fletcher PC;Schultz W
通讯作者：
Schultz W
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Diaconescu AO;Mathys C;Weber LAE;Kasper L;Mauer J;Stephan KE
通讯作者：
Stephan KE