Drinking and driving in the United States: comparing results from the 2007 and 1996 National Roadside Surveys.
Drinking and driving in the United States: comparing results from the 2007 and 1996 National Roadside Surveys.
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2012.697229
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Berning A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelley-Baker T;Lacey JH;Voas RB;Romano E;Yao J;Berning A
这项研究的目的是：(A)使用2007年全国路边调查(NRS)的数据来确定2007年美国道路上血液酒精浓度(BAC)为阳性的周末夜间司机的特征；(B)确定驾驶环境与与饮酒司机相关的出行特征的关系；以及(C)将2007年NRS的结果与1996年NRS的结果进行比较。与1996年的NRS一样，2007年NRS使用了连续48个州的分层随机全国路边调查样本，并收集了周五和周六晚上10点至凌晨3点之间的夜间数据警察指示8,384名司机进入非道路停车区，我们的研究团队要求他们参与调查。在接受咨询的人中，有7159人(85.4%)提供了呼气测试。结果显示，12%的夜间司机BAC呈阳性，其中2%高于美国0.08BAC的非法上限。自1996年NRS以来，我们发现不同人口群体中BAC阳性司机的百分比显著下降。年龄是周末司机BAC呈阳性的最重要因素之一。司机饮酒的概率在21至25岁年龄组达到顶峰。男性司机比女性司机更有可能喝酒，而亚裔和西班牙裔司机比白人司机喝酒的可能性更小。饮酒司机更有可能是在很短的距离(5英里或更少)、深夜(凌晨1点到3点)开车，以及从酒吧或餐馆出来的。最后，在报告他们在调查当晚开车不到5英里的司机中，26%的人BAC呈阳性，相比之下，只有16%的人表示他们会开车6到20英里，10%的人计划开车超过20英里。2007年NRS为美国道路上酒后驾车司机40年的记录提供了另一个基准，并为衡量未来十年在打击酒后驾车方面的进展提供了基础。
The objectives of this study were to (a) use data from the 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS) to determine the characteristics of weekend nighttime drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) on U.S. roads in 2007; (b) determine the relationship of the driving environment and trip characteristics associated with drinking drivers; and (c) compare the findings for the 2007 NRS with those for the 1996 NRS. Like the 1996 NRS, the 2007 NRS used a stratified random national roadside survey sample of the contiguous 48 states and collected nighttime data on Fridays and Saturdays between 10 PM and 3 AM. Officers directed 8,384 drivers into off-road parking areas where our research team asked them to participate in the survey. Of those approached, 7,159 (85.4%) provided a breath test. Results revealed that 12% of the nighttime drivers had positive BACs, and of those, 2% were higher than the .08 BAC illegal limit in the United States. Since the 1996 NRS, we found significant reductions in the percentage of BAC-positive drivers across different demographic groups. Age was among the most significant factors associated with a weekend driver having a positive BAC. The probability that a driver would be drinking peaked in the 21- to 25-year-old age group. Male drivers were more likely than female drivers to be drinking, and Asian and Hispanic drivers were less likely than White drivers to be drinking. Drinking drivers were more likely to be driving short distances (5 or fewer miles), late at night (between 1 and 3 AM), and to be coming from a bar or restaurant. Finally, 26% of the drivers who reported that they would drive less than 5 miles on the night of the survey had positive BACs, compared to only 16% who indicated they would drive between 6 and 20 miles and 10% who planned to drive more than 20 miles. The 2007 NRS provides another benchmark in the four-decade record of drinking drivers on American roads and provides a basis for measuring progress in combating driving under the influence during the coming decade.
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DOI：
10.1136/ip.6.2.158
发表时间：
2000-06-01
期刊：
Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
影响因子：
--
作者：
Beitel, G A;Sharp, M C;Glauz, W D
通讯作者：
Glauz, W D
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Blomberg, Richard D.;Peck, Raymond C.;Fiorentino, Dary
通讯作者：
Fiorentino, Dary
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Mann, Robert E.;Zalcman, Rosely Flam;Giesbrecht, Norman
通讯作者：
Giesbrecht, Norman
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Chou, S. Patricia;Dawson, Deborah A.;Grant, Bridget F.
通讯作者：
Grant, Bridget F.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Caetano, R;McGrath, C
通讯作者：
McGrath, C