Electronic cigarettes and nicotine dependence: evolving products, evolving problems.

Electronic cigarettes and nicotine dependence: evolving products, evolving problems.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12916-015-0355-y
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发表时间:
2015-05-21
期刊:
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
Eissenberg T
Eissenberg T
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cobb CO;Hendricks PS;Eissenberg T

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电子香烟(ECIG)使用电加热器使通常含有丙二醇、植物甘油、香料和产生依赖性的药物尼古丁的液体雾化。ECIG诱导的尼古丁依赖已经成为一个重要的问题,因为一些ECIG递送非常少的尼古丁,而一些ECIG可能超过烟草香烟的尼古丁递送曲线。这种变异性与试图改用ECIG的烟草吸烟者有关。尼古丁释放量非常低的产品可能无法替代烟草卷烟,因此ECIG的使用几乎没有降低尼古丁引起的疾病的风险。如果用户决定尝试,尼古丁释放量非常高的产品可能会使戒烟ECIG变得特别困难。对于非吸烟者来说,市场上ECIG的广泛变异性尤其令人烦恼:低尼古丁产品可能导致他们开始尼古丁自我给药,并发展到更高剂量的ECIG或其他产品,而那些提供更多尼古丁的产品可能会在不存在尼古丁依赖的情况下产生尼古丁依赖。可能需要在强有力的科学指导下采取外部监管行动,以确保人口水平的尼古丁依赖不会上升。
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use an electric heater to aerosolize a liquid that usually contains propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine. ECIG-induced nicotine dependence has become an important concern, as some ECIGs deliver very little nicotine while some may exceed the nicotine delivery profile of a tobacco cigarette. This variability is relevant to tobacco cigarette smokers who try to switch to ECIGs. Products with very low nicotine delivery may not substitute for tobacco cigarettes, so that ECIG use is accompanied by little reduced risk of cigarette-caused disease. Products with very high nicotine delivery may make quitting ECIGs particularly difficult should users decide to try. For non-smokers, the wide variability of ECIGs on the market is especially troublesome: low nicotine products may lead them to initiate nicotine self-administration and progress to higher dosing ECIGs or other products, and those that deliver more nicotine may produce nicotine dependence where it was not otherwise present. External regulatory action, guided by strong science, may be required to ensure that population-level nicotine dependence does not rise.
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