The prisoner's dilemma as a cancer model.

The prisoner's dilemma as a cancer model.
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作为癌症模型的囚徒困境。

DOI:
10.1088/2057-1739/2/3/035002
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Convergent science physical oncology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Newton,PaulK
Newton,PaulK
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
West,Jeffrey;Hasnain,Zaki;Mason,Jeremy;Newton,PaulK

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Tumor development is an evolutionary process in which a heterogeneous population of cells with different growth capabilities compete for resources in order to gain a proliferative advantage. What are the minimal ingredients needed to recreate some of the emergent features of such a developing complex ecosystem? What is a tumor doing before we can detect it? We outline a mathematical model, driven by a stochastic Moran process, in which cancer cells and healthy cells compete for dominance in the population. Each are assigned payoffs according to a prisoner's dilemma evolutionary game where the healthy cells are the cooperators and the cancer cells are the defectors. With point mutational dynamics, heredity, and a fitness landscape controlling birth and death rates, natural selection acts on the cell population and simulated'cancer-like'features emerge, such as Gompertzian tumor growth driven by heterogeneity, the log-kill law which (linearly) relates therapeutic dose density to the (log) probability of cancer cell survival, and the Norton–Simon hypothesis which (linearly) relates tumor regression rates to tumor growth rates. We highlight the utility, clarity, and power that such models provide, despite (and because of) their simplicity and built-in assumptions.
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