Clinical and molecular aspects of veterinary coronaviruses.

Clinical and molecular aspects of veterinary coronaviruses.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198382
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发表时间:
2021-05
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Metz GE
Metz GE
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Colina SE;Serena MS;Echeverría MG;Metz GE

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冠状病毒是一大组RNA病毒,感染广泛的动物物种。冠状病毒的复制策略涉及重组和突变事件,导致跨物种传播的可能性。由于宿主物种栖息地的不断改变,病毒受体的高度可塑性可能是跨物种传播的原因,这种跨物种传播可能对包括人类在内的其他物种构成威胁。高致病性冠状病毒的相继出现,如2003年的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS),2012年的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒,以及最近的SARS-CoV-2,激发了对冠状病毒及其发病机制的分子基础的大量研究。人类与野生动物和家养动物之间的高度相关性以及人类城市化对动物栖息地的改变有利于新的病毒传播。因此,了解不同宿主感染冠状病毒的主要临床体征以及每种冠状病毒的独特分子特征,对于预防新型冠状病毒疾病的出现至关重要。在兽医学中常规研究的冠状病毒感染必须得到正确的识别和诊断,这不仅是为了预防动物疾病,也是为了促进公共卫生。
Coronaviruses are a large group of RNA viruses that infect a wide range of animal species. The replication strategy of coronaviruses involves recombination and mutation events that lead to the possibility of cross-species transmission. The high plasticity of the viral receptor due to a continuous modification of the host species habitat may be the cause of cross-species transmission that can turn into a threat to other species including the human population. The successive emergence of highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in 2012, and the recent SARS-CoV-2 has incentivized a number of studies on the molecular basis of the coronavirus and its pathogenesis. The high degree of interrelatedness between humans and wild and domestic animals and the modification of animal habitats by human urbanization, has favored new viral spreads. Hence, knowledge on the main clinical signs of coronavirus infection in the different hosts and the distinctive molecular characteristics of each coronavirus is essential to prevent the emergence of new coronavirus diseases. The coronavirus infections routinely studied in veterinary medicine must be properly recognized and diagnosed not only to prevent animal disease but also to promote public health.
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