Drug delivery and nanoparticles:applications and hazards.
Drug delivery and nanoparticles:applications and hazards.
复制标题
DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s596
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Borm PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Jong WH;Borm PJ
纳米技术在医学上的应用，更具体地说是药物输送，将迅速普及。目前，许多物质正在研究用于药物递送，更具体地用于癌症治疗。有趣的是，制药科学正在使用纳米颗粒来减少药物的毒性和副作用，直到最近才意识到载体系统本身可能对患者造成风险。通过使用纳米颗粒进行药物递送而引入的危害的种类超出了由经典递送基质中的化学品施加的常规危害所造成的危害。对于纳米颗粒，在吸入毒性中获得的关于颗粒毒性的知识显示了如何研究纳米颗粒的潜在危害的方法。颗粒物的毒理学与物质的毒理学不同，因为组成化学物质可能可溶于或不可溶于生物基质，从而极大地影响各种内脏的潜在暴露。吸入后，肺中的局部暴露量可能较高，而其他器官系统的暴露量可能较低或可忽略。然而，被吸收的物质也可能影响吸入颗粒的潜在毒性。对于纳米颗粒来说，情况有所不同，因为它们的尺寸打开了穿越体内各种生物屏障的潜力。从积极的角度来看，特别是穿过血脑屏障的潜力可能为药物递送到大脑中开辟新的途径。此外，纳米尺寸还允许进入细胞和包括细胞核在内的各种细胞隔室。目前正在研究多种物质用于制备用于药物递送的纳米颗粒，其不同于用于脂质体的生物物质如白蛋白、明胶和磷脂，以及更多的化学性质的物质如各种聚合物和含固体金属的纳米颗粒。显然，与组织和细胞的潜在相互作用以及潜在毒性在很大程度上取决于纳米颗粒制剂的实际组成。本文概述了目前使用的一些药物输送系统。除了潜在的有益用途外，还应注意我们应如何进行用于药物递送的纳米颗粒制剂的安全性评价的问题。对于这种测试，从吸入毒理学中应用的颗粒毒性中吸取的经验教训可能是有用的。尽管对于药物用途，目前的要求似乎足以检测纳米颗粒制剂的大多数不良反应，但不能预期将检测纳米颗粒毒理学的所有方面。因此，可能需要额外的更具体的测试。
The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. Interestingly pharmaceutical sciences are using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs and up to recently did not realize that carrier systems themselves may impose risks to the patient. The kind of hazards that are introduced by using nanoparticles for drug delivery are beyond that posed by conventional hazards imposed by chemicals in classical delivery matrices. For nanoparticles the knowledge on particle toxicity as obtained in inhalation toxicity shows the way how to investigate the potential hazards of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter differs from toxicology of substances as the composing chemical(s) may or may not be soluble in biological matrices, thus influencing greatly the potential exposure of various internal organs. This may vary from a rather high local exposure in the lungs and a low or neglectable exposure for other organ systems after inhalation. However, absorbed species may also influence the potential toxicity of the inhaled particles. For nanoparticles the situation is different as their size opens the potential for crossing the various biological barriers within the body. From a positive viewpoint, especially the potential to cross the blood brain barrier may open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. In addition, the nanosize also allows for access into the cell and various cellular compartments including the nucleus. A multitude of substances are currently under investigation for the preparation of nanoparticles for drug delivery, varying from biological substances like albumin, gelatine and phospholipids for liposomes, and more substances of a chemical nature like various polymers and solid metal containing nanoparticles. It is obvious that the potential interaction with tissues and cells, and the potential toxicity, greatly depends on the actual composition of the nanoparticle formulation. This paper provides an overview on some of the currently used systems for drug delivery. Besides the potential beneficial use also attention is drawn to the questions how we should proceed with the safety evaluation of the nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery. For such testing the lessons learned from particle toxicity as applied in inhalation toxicology may be of use. Although for pharmaceutical use the current requirements seem to be adequate to detect most of the adverse effects of nanoparticle formulations, it can not be expected that all aspects of nanoparticle toxicology will be detected. So, probably additional more specific testing would be needed.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.152463399
发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Åkerman, ME;Chan, WCW;Ruoslahti, E
通讯作者：
Ruoslahti, E
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Bourges, JL;Gautier, SE;Behar-Cohen, FF
通讯作者：
Behar-Cohen, FF
DOI：
10.1023/a:1014791327253
发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cascone, MG;Lazzeri, L;Zhu, ZH
通讯作者：
Zhu, ZH
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Chang, Jenq-Sheng;Chang, Ke Liang B.;Kong, Zwe-Ling
通讯作者：
Kong, Zwe-Ling
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
BAZILE, D;PRUDHOMME, C;VEILLARD, M
通讯作者：
VEILLARD, M