Blood system formation in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis requires the variable receptor vCRL1.

Blood system formation in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis requires the variable receptor vCRL1.
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尾索动物海鞘中血液系统的形成需要可变受体 vCRL1

DOI:
10.1093/molbev/mss120
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
10.7
通讯作者:
Khalturin K
Khalturin K
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sommer F;Awazu S;Anton-Erxleben F;Jiang D;Klimovich AV;Klimovich BV;Samoilovich MP;Satou Y;Krüss M;Gelhaus C;Kürn U;Bosch TC;Khalturin K

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适应性免疫系统只存在于脊椎动物中。所有剩下的动物如何抵御不断进化的病原体的持续攻击?即使在没有适应性免疫的情况下,每个生物体也必须能够明确区分“自我”细胞和任何想象得到的“非自我”细胞。在这里,我们分析了高多态性基因crl1的功能,该基因在鸡腿的卵泡和血细胞中表达,指出可能在受精或免疫反应中发挥识别作用。通过分离分析,我们证明了vcrl1位点不参与自育性的控制。有趣的是,在所有组织中,特别是在血细胞中,基因敲低vcrl1会导致变形过程中剧烈的发育停滞,而这正是血液系统形成异常发生的时候。我们的数据表明,vcrl1基因可能对建立一个功能性血液系统至关重要。据推测,血细胞表面存在的vCRL1受体使它们成为自我,而任何缺乏它的细胞被称为非自我,因此将被破坏。我们提出个体特异性受体crl1可能用于促进体细胞自我/非自我区分。
Adaptive immune systems are present only in vertebrates. How do all the remaining animals withstand continuous attacks of permanently evolving pathogens? Even in the absence of adaptive immunity, every organism must be able to unambiguously distinguish “self” cells from any imaginable “nonself.” Here, we analyzed the function of highly polymorphic genevCRL1, which is expressed in follicle and blood cells ofCiona intestinalis, pointing to possible recognition roles either during fertilization or in immune reactions. By using segregation analysis, we demonstrate thatvCRL1locus is not involved in the control of self-sterility. Interestingly, genetic knockdown ofvCRL1in all tissues or specifically in hemocytes results in a drastic developmental arrest during metamorphosis exactly when blood system formation inCionanormally occurs. Our data demonstrate thatvCRL1gene might be essential for the establishment of a functional blood system inCiona. Presumably, presence of the vCRL1 receptor on the surface of blood cells renders them as self, whereas any cell lacking it is referred to as nonself and will be consequently destroyed. We propose that individual-specific receptorvCRL1might be utilized to facilitate somatic self/nonself discrimination.
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