Basal ganglia circuits for reward value-guided behavior.

Basal ganglia circuits for reward value-guided behavior.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-013924
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
13.9
通讯作者:
Yamamoto S
Yamamoto S
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hikosaka O;Kim HF;Yasuda M;Yamamoto S

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基底节配备了抑制和去抑制机制,使人们能够选择有价值的对象和行为。值得注意的是,一个值可以由最近的经验灵活地确定,也可以由长期的经验稳定地确定。最近的研究表明,尾状核头部和尾部选择性地和差异性地处理视觉物体的灵活和稳定的值。这些信号通过黑质的不同部分被发送到上丘,因此动物优先看高价值的物体,但方式不同。依靠短期价值记忆,尾状头部回路允许凝视预期地移动到最近有价值的物体上。依靠长期价值记忆,尾状尾部回路允许凝视自动移动到先前有价值的物体上。基底节也包含一个与动作值相当的平行机制。这种灵活稳定的目标值和动作值并行机制创建了一个高度适应性的决策系统。
The basal ganglia are equipped with inhibitory and disinhibitory mechanisms that enable to choose valuable objects and actions. Notably, a value can be determined flexibly by recent experience or stably by prolonged experience. Recent studies have revealed that the head and tail of the caudate nucleus selectively and differentially process flexible and stable values of visual objects. These signals are sent to the superior colliculus through different parts of the substantia nigra, so that the animal looks preferentially at high-valued objects, but in different manners. Relying on short-term value memories, the caudate head circuit allows gaze to move expectantly to recently valued objects. Relying on long-term value memories, the caudate tail circuit allows gaze to move automatically to previously valued objects. The basal ganglia also contain an equivalent parallel mechanism for action values. Such flexible-stable parallel mechanisms for object and action values create a highly adaptable system for decision making.
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