Time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in New York City from 2001 to 2012: assessed by repeat air and urine samples.
Time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in New York City from 2001 to 2012: assessed by repeat air and urine samples.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.017
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Miller RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jung KH;Liu B;Lovinsky-Desir S;Yan B;Camann D;Sjodin A;Li Z;Perera F;Kinney P;Chillrud S;Miller RL
暴露于空气污染物，包括多环芳烃(PAH)，特别是燃料油、煤炭、交通和室内来源燃烧产生的芘，与不利的呼吸道健康后果有关。然而，通过重复测量检测到的空气中多环芳烃和代谢物水平的时间趋势尚未被表征。我们假设，在采取政策干预措施以减少与交通相关的空气污染之后，从住宅室内和室外监测仪反复测量的多环芳烃水平以及儿童尿中多环芳烃代谢产物的浓度将会下降。室内多环芳烃(颗粒物和气相)分别于产前(n=98)、5/6岁(n=397)、9/10岁(n=198)和三个年龄段(n=27)采集。其他与交通相关的空气污染物(黑碳和PM2.5)在2005年至2012年期间与PAH监测同时在室内进行了监测，时间分别为5/6岁(n=403)和9/10岁(n=257)。三分之一的住宅是在不同季节选择进行室外PAH、BC和PM2.5采样的。使用相同的采样方法，2007年至2012年期间，还在一个中心站点每两周监测一次环境中的PAH、BC和PM2.5。多环芳烃被分析为半挥发性多环芳烃(例如，芘；相对分子质量178-206)和八种非挥发性多环芳烃的总和(Σ8PAH非挥发性；相对分子质量228-278)。2001年至2012年，从3岁、5岁、7岁和9岁的儿童身上采集了现场尿样，并对10种多环芳烃代谢物进行了分析。2005年至2012年间，室内BC和PM2.5水平略有下降(BC和PM2.5的年变化率分别为−2.08%[p=0.010]和−2.18%[p=0.059])，而在室内和室外样品中，以及在可比较的时间段内，中心场地的Py水平有上升的趋势(APC分别为4.81%、3.77%和7.90%；p<0.05)。室内Σ8PAH非挥发性浓度在2005年至2012年间没有明显的时间趋势，但经季节分析后发现有显著的相反趋势(非采暖季节和采暖季节的−分别为8.06%[p<；0.01]、3.87%[p<；0.05])。同样，采暖季节也影响其他空气污染物的年趋势(2005-2012年)：只在非采暖季节观察到BC(室内外空气)的下降趋势，这与主要交通来源随着时间的推移而减少是一致的；增加的趋势在采暖季节更为明显。室外PM2.5水平在各个季节随着时间的推移持续下降。通过对较长时期(2001年-2012年)数据的分析发现，在非采暖季节(−=−3.54%；P<；0.01)的措施推动下，Py呈下降趋势(P<；0.01)。相比之下，从2001年到2012年，1-羟基芘和2-萘酚的含量增加(1-羟基芘和2-萘酚的APC分别为6.29%和7.90%；p<；0.01)。纽约市针对交通相关空气污染的多项立法法规可能导致了Σ8PAH非挥发性和BC的下降，特别是在非采暖季节。尽管在2001-2012年期间，芘的总量有所下降，但近几年(2005-2012年)芘水平的上升--在采暖季节收集的措施中尤其明显--以及2-萘酚--表明了取暖油燃烧和其他室内来源对空气中的芘和尿中的2-萘酚的贡献。
Exposure to air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and specifically pyrene from combustion of fuel oil, coal, traffic and indoor sources, has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, time trends of airborne PAH and metabolite levels detected via repeat measures over time have not yet been characterized. We hypothesized that PAH levels, measured repeatedly from residential indoor and outdoor monitors, and children’s urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites, would decrease following policy interventions to reduce traffic-related air pollution. Indoor PAH (particle- and gas-phase) were collected for two weeks prenatally (n=98), at age 5/6 years (n=397) and age 9/10 years (n=198) since 2001 and at all three age-points (n=27). Other traffic-related air pollutants (black carbon and PM2.5) were monitored indoors simultaneous with PAH monitoring at ages 5/6 (n=403) and 9/10 (n=257) between 2005 and 2012. One third of the homes were selected across seasons for outdoor PAH, BC and PM2.5 sampling. Using the same sampling method, ambient PAH, BC and PM2.5 also were monitored every two weeks at a central site between 2007 and 2012. PAH were analyzed as semivolatile PAH (e.g., pyrene; MW 178–206) and the sum of eight nonvolatile PAH (Σ8PAHnonvolatile; MW 228–278). A spot urine sample was collected from children at child ages 3, 5, 7 and 9 between 2001 and 2012 and analyzed for 10 PAH metabolites. Modest declines were detected in indoor BC and PM2.5 levels between 2005 and 2012 (Annual percent change [APC]=−2.08% [p=0.010] and −2.18% [p=0.059] for BC and PM2.5, respectively), while a trend of increasing pyrene levels was observed in indoor and outdoor samples, and at the central site during the comparable time periods (APC=4.81%, 3.77% and 7.90%, respectively; p<0.05 for all). No significant time trend was observed in indoor Σ8PAHnonvolatile levels between 2005 and 2012; however, significant opposite trends were detected when analyzed seasonally (APC=−8.06% [p<0.01], 3.87% [p<0.05] for nonheating and heating season, respectively). Similarly, heating season also affected the annual trends (2005–2012) of other air pollutants: the decreasing BC trend (in indoor/outdoor air) was observed only in the nonheating season, consistent with dominating traffic sources that decreased with time; the increasing pyrene trend was more apparent in the heating season. Outdoor PM2.5 levels persistently decreased over time across the seasons. With the analyses of data collected over a longer period of time (2001–2012), a decreasing trend was observed in pyrene (APC=−2.76%; p<0.01), mostly driven by measures from the nonheating season (APC=−3.54%; p<0.01). In contrast, levels of pyrene and naphthalene metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol, increased from 2001 to 2012 (APC=6.29% and 7.90% for 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol, respectively; p<0.01 for both). Multiple NYC legislative regulations targeting traffic-related air pollution may have led to decreases in Σ8PAHnonvolatile and BC, especially in the nonheating season. Despite the overall decrease in pyrene over the 2001–2012 periods, a rise in pyrene levels in recent years (2005–2012), that was particularly evident for measures collected during the heating season, and 2-naphthol, indicates the contribution of heating oil combustion and other indoor sources to airborne pyrene and urinary 2-naphthol.
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纽约市儿童的家用空降黑碳和呼出的一氧化氮。
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Jung, Kyung Hwa;Hsu, Shao-I;Yan, Beizhan;Moors, Kathleen;Chillrud, Steven N.;Ross, James;Wang, Shuang;Perzanowski, Matthew S.;Kinney, Patrick L.;Whyatt, Robin M.;Perera, Frederica P.;Miller, Rachel L.
通讯作者：
Miller, Rachel L.
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500262
发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
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作者：
Cyrys, J;Heinrich, J;Brunekreef, B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef, B
DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.666
发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
影响因子：
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作者：
Perzanowski MS;Chew GL;Divjan A;Jung KH;Ridder R;Tang D;Diaz D;Goldstein IF;Kinney PL;Rundle AG;Camann DE;Perera FP;Miller RL
通讯作者：
Miller RL
纽约市多环芳烃和其他与交通相关的空中污染物的空间和时间趋势。
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Narvaez, Rafael F.;Hoepner, Lori;Chillrud, Steven N.;Yan, Beizhan;Garfinkel, Robin;Whyatt, Robin;Camann, David;Perera, Frederica P.;Kinney, Patrick L.;Miller, Rachel L.
通讯作者：
Miller, Rachel L.