Assessing visuospatial processing in cerebral visual impairment using a novel and naturalistic static visual search task.
Assessing visuospatial processing in cerebral visual impairment using a novel and naturalistic static visual search task.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104364
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Merabet, Lotfi B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Xin;Manley, Claire E.;Micheletti, Serena;Tesic, Isidora;Bennett, Christopher R.;Fazzi, Elisa M.;Merabet, Lotfi B.
关键词：
脑性视力障碍（CVI）是一种与中枢视觉通路发育不良相关的大脑视觉障碍。患有 CVI 的人经常报告很难在杂乱和拥挤的视觉场景中找到感兴趣的目标。然而，目前尚不清楚操纵任务需求和其他环境因素如何影响该人群的视觉搜索表现。我们开发了一种新颖且自然的基于虚拟现实（VR）的静态视觉搜索任务，结合眼动追踪，称为“虚拟玩具盒”，以客观评估 CVI 中的视觉搜索性能。共有 38 名 CVI 患者（平均年龄 13.18 岁 ± 3.58 SD）和 53 名神经发育正常对照者（平均年龄 15.25 岁 ± 5.72 SD）参与了该研究。在第一个实验中，研究对象被要求在不同数量的周围干扰玩具（集合大小范围从 1 到 36 个物品）中寻找预先选定的玩具。在第二个实验中，我们评估了操纵项目间距和探索的视觉区域（视野；FOV）大小的效果。收集的行为结果包括成功率、反应时间、注视误差、视觉搜索区域和屏幕外百分比（任务依从性指数）。与年龄匹配的对照组相比，患有 CVI 的参与者在所有感兴趣的视觉搜索结果方面均表现出整体损伤。具体来说，与对照组相比，患有 CVI 的个体找到目标的可能性较小，并且需要更长的时间，而且搜索模式的准确度和精确度较低。视觉搜索响应配置文件的效率也相对较低，并且与较慢的初始预搜索（视觉定向）响应相关，如通过反应时间 x 设定大小函数分析得出的较高斜率和截距值所索引的。在测试的最小和最大间距条件下，CVI 中的搜索性能也受到更大的负面影响，而增加 FOV 则与注视准确度和精确度的下降幅度更大相关。这些结果与 CVI 中视觉搜索能力受损的一般情况一致，并且随着视觉任务需求的增加而表现恶化以及对视觉混乱和拥挤的整体敏感性。观察到的视觉搜索能力受损的情况可能与 CVI 患者视觉选择性注意力的功能障碍有关。
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a brain based visual disorder associated with the maldevelopment of central visual pathways. Individuals with CVI often report difficulties finding a target of interest in cluttered and crowded visual scenes. However, it remains unknown how manipulating task demands and other environmental factors influence visual search performance in this population. We developed a novel and naturalistic virtual reality (VR) based static visual search task combined with eye tracking called the “virtual toy box” to objectively assess visual search performance in CVI. A total of 38 individuals with CVI (mean age 13.18 years ± 3.58 SD) and 53 controls with neurotypical development (mean age 15.25 years ± 5.72 SD) participated in the study. In a first experiment, study subjects were instructed to search for a preselected toy presented among a varying number of surrounding distractor toys (set size ranging from 1 to 36 items). In a second experiment, we assessed the effects of manipulating item spacing and the size of the visual area explored (field of view; FOV). Behavioral outcomes collected were success rate, reaction time, gaze error, visual search area, and off-screen percent (an index of task compliance). Compared to age-matched controls, participants with CVI showed an overall impairment with respect to all the visual search outcomes of interest. Specifically, individuals with CVI were less likely and took longer to find the target, and search patterns were less accurate and precise compared to controls. Visual search response profiles were also comparatively less efficient and were associated with a slower initial pre-search (visual orienting) response as indexed by higher slope and intercept values derived from the analysis of reaction time x set size functions. Search performance was also more negatively affected in CVI at the smallest as well as largest spacing conditions tested, while increasing FOV was associated with greater decreased gaze accuracy and precision. These results are consistent with a general profile of impaired visual search abilities in CVI as well as worsening performance with increased visual task demands and an overall sensitivity to visual clutter and crowding. The observed profile of impaired visual search performance may be associated with dysfunctions related to how visual selective attention is deployed in individuals with CVI.
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