Theta brain rhythms index perceptual narrowing in infant speech perception.
Theta brain rhythms index perceptual narrowing in infant speech perception.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00690
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kuhl PK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bosseler AN;Taulu S;Pihko E;Mäkelä JP;Imada T;Ahonen A;Kuhl PK
言语知觉的发展在婴儿期和成年期之间有一个戏剧性的过渡。在6到12个月之间，婴儿对世界语言中所有语音单位的最初辨别能力变窄了，母语辨别能力增强了，而非母语辨别能力急剧下降。我们使用脑磁图（MEG）来检查θ波段（4-8 Hz）的脑振荡，反映了注意力和认知努力的增加，是否会提供言语中感知变窄现象的神经测量。使用一个古怪的范例，我们在两个维度上改变了言语刺激，刺激频率（频繁与不频繁）和语言（母语与非母语语音音节），并对6个月大的婴儿，12个月大的婴儿和成人进行了测试。我们假设，6个月大的婴儿会表现出增加的相对θ功率（RTP）的频繁音节，无论他们的地位作为母语或非母语音节，反映了幼儿的注意力和认知努力，以响应高频率的刺激（“统计学习”）。在成年人中，我们假设增加RTP的非本地刺激，无论他们的介绍频率，反映了非本地语音类别的认知努力增加。预计12个月大的婴儿将显示出一种过渡模式，但与6个月大的婴儿相比，这种模式更类似于成人。MEG脑节律结果支持这些假设。我们认为，知觉缩小言语知觉是由内隐学习过程。这个学习过程涉及注意力从频繁事件（婴儿）到学习类别（成人）的内隐转移。Theta脑振荡活动可以提供一个指标的知觉缩小超出讲话，并提供一个测试是否早期的语音学习过程是由域一般或域特定的过程。
The development of speech perception shows a dramatic transition between infancy and adulthood. Between 6 and 12 months, infants' initial ability to discriminate all phonetic units across the world's languages narrows—native discrimination increases while non-native discrimination shows a steep decline. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine whether brain oscillations in the theta band (4–8 Hz), reflecting increases in attention and cognitive effort, would provide a neural measure of the perceptual narrowing phenomenon in speech. Using an oddball paradigm, we varied speech stimuli in two dimensions, stimulus frequency (frequent vs. infrequent) and language (native vs. non-native speech syllables) and tested 6-month-old infants, 12-month-old infants, and adults. We hypothesized that 6-month-old infants would show increased relative theta power (RTP) for frequent syllables, regardless of their status as native or non-native syllables, reflecting young infants' attention and cognitive effort in response to highly frequent stimuli (“statistical learning”). In adults, we hypothesized increased RTP for non-native stimuli, regardless of their presentation frequency, reflecting increased cognitive effort for non-native phonetic categories. The 12-month-old infants were expected to show a pattern in transition, but one more similar to adults than to 6-month-old infants. The MEG brain rhythm results supported these hypotheses. We suggest that perceptual narrowing in speech perception is governed by an implicit learning process. This learning process involves an implicit shift in attention from frequent events (infants) to learned categories (adults). Theta brain oscillatory activity may provide an index of perceptual narrowing beyond speech, and would offer a test of whether the early speech learning process is governed by domain-general or domain-specific processes.
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