Health effects of exposure to natural arsenic in groundwater and coal in China: an overview of occurrence.
Health effects of exposure to natural arsenic in groundwater and coal in China: an overview of occurrence.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9268
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发表时间：
2007-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Zheng Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu G;Sun D;Zheng Y
2001年至2005年，在中国16个省292个县20,517个村的445,638口威尔斯井中，有21,155口（占威尔斯井的5%）砷含量> 50 μg/L。采用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法和二硫代二氨基甲酸银光谱法，对至少10%的砷含量> 50 μg/L的样品进行了分析，保证了分析的质量。我们对饮用水中砷含量大于50微克/升的人口的最佳估计为582，769人。由于调查的区域有限，这可能低估了中国的情况。在八省135，492人的调查中，我们使用国家地方性砷中毒诊断标准，确定了10，096例有不同程度皮肤损害的砷中毒患者。7.5%的砷中毒发生率可能是高估了，因为调查更多地集中在已知和疑似砷中毒流行区。砷中毒的发生率与砷浓度> 50 μg/L的威尔斯井的比例成正相关，即1 ~ 5%。根据井水中砷含量和砷中毒发病率，山西省、内蒙古自治区和吉林省是2005年我国饮水砷暴露量最高的三个地区。我们的调查还确定了暴露于高水平的砷从威尔斯在几个省和室内燃烧的煤含有高水平的砷在陕西省。然而，这些地区以前没有砷中毒地方病的报告。在病区，晚期砷中毒的平均发病率为1.2%，这可能与长期接触砷（> 20年）有关，如果考虑到室内燃煤所致的高剂量砷接触，晚期砷中毒的发病率将上升到2.7%。在中国农村，减少砷暴露的缓解措施仍然是一个挑战。
Between 2001 and 2005, 21,155 of 445,638 wells in 20,517 villages in 292 counties in 16 provinces from China, or 5% of wells, were found to contain > 50 μg/L arsenic (As) by field testing with the Merck As kit. We achieved quality assurance of analysis of at least 10% of the wells containing > 50 μg/L As using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and silver dithiodicarbomate spectrometry. Our best estimate of the population exposed to > 50 μg/L As in drinking water was 582,769. This is probably an underestimate for China because of the limited area surveyed. In a survey of 135,492 individuals in eight provinces, we used the National Diagnosis Standard for Endemic Arsenicosis and identified 10,096 cases of arsenicosis with various degrees of skin lesions. The arsenicosis occurrence rate of 7.5% is likely an overestimate, because the survey focused more on known and suspected endemic areas of arsenicosis. The occurrence of arsenicosis correlates positively with the percentage of wells containing > 50 μg/L As, or at a ratio of 1 to 5%. Based on both the amount of As in well water and the rate of occurrence of arsenicosis, Shanxi province, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and Jilin province are the top three areas in China as of 2005 for exposure to endemic As from drinking water. Our survey also identified exposure to high levels of As from wells in several provinces and from the indoor burning of coal containing high levels of As in Shaanxi province. These areas, however, have not had any reports of previous arsenicosis endemics. In the endemic areas, the average rate of occurrence of arsenicosis at advanced stages was 1.2%, possibly because of a long exposure time of > 20 years; the rate of occurrence increased to 2.7% when we included a high dose of As exposure from the indoor burning of coal. Mitigation to reduce As exposure remains a challenge in rural China.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.7.3427
发表时间：
1999-03-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Finkelman, RB;Belkin, HE;Zheng, BS
通讯作者：
Zheng, BS
中国圭村省的未通风室内燃煤炉子：通过砷中毒人群减轻和健康教育导致的行为变化来减少砷暴露。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
An, Dong;Li, Dasheng;Liang, Yin;Jing, Zhengjin
通讯作者：
Jing, Zhengjin
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Smedley, PL;Zhang, M;Luo, Z
通讯作者：
Luo, Z
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Berg, M;Tran, HC;Giger, W
通讯作者：
Giger, W
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Peterson, PJ;Williams, WP;Tan, JA
通讯作者：
Tan, JA