The devil lies in the details: how variations in polysaccharide fine-structure impact the physiology and evolution of gut microbes.
The devil lies in the details: how variations in polysaccharide fine-structure impact the physiology and evolution of gut microbes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2014.06.022
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发表时间：
2014-11-25
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Brumer, Harry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martens, Eric C.;Kelly, Amelia G.;Tauzin, Alexandra S.;Brumer, Harry
几十年来，人们一直认识到胃肠道微生物对人类和其他哺乳动物膳食纤维消化的至关重要性。共生微生物通过提供多种多糖降解酶来扩展哺乳动物的消化生理学，而哺乳动物基因组中基本上不存在这些酶。通过将消化生理学的这一方面外包给我们的肠道微生物，我们可以最大限度地提高我们在短至几个小时的时间内适应不同碳水化合物营养物质的能力，因为肠道微生物群落能够在每一餐之间快速改变其生理学。由于我们的肠道微生物能够通过横向基因转移获得新的性状，因此它们还可以通过调整其基因内容来反映文化饮食趋势，从而在长达几个世纪和几千年的时间段内进行适应。尽管对肠道微生物的代谢潜力有大量基于序列的见解，但共生肠道微生物识别和攻击复杂碳水化合物的具体机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们回顾了有关该主题的最新文献，并假设多糖的大量微妙变化使可用营养位的范围多样化，每个营养位可能最好由拥有相应蛋白质以识别和降解不同碳水化合物的微生物子集来填充。在精确的机制水平上理解这些关系对于全面了解塑造肠道微生物生态和基因组进化的力量以及制定有意操纵肠道微生物群落的组成和生理学以改善健康的策略至关重要。
The critical importance of gastrointestinal microbes to digestion of dietary fiber in humans and other mammals has been appreciated for decades. Symbiotic microorganisms expand mammalian digestive physiology by providing an armament of diverse polysaccharide degrading enzymes, which are largely absent in mammalian genomes. By out-sourcing this aspect of digestive physiology to our gut microbes, we maximize our ability to adapt to different carbohydrate nutrients on time scales as short as several hours, due to the ability of the gut microbial community to rapidly alter its physiology from meal-to-meal. Because of their ability to pick up new traits by lateral gene transfer, our gut microbes also enable adaption over time periods as long as centuries and millennia by adjusting their gene content to reflect cultural dietary trends. Despite a vast amount of sequence-based insight into the metabolic potential of gut microbes, the specific mechanisms by which symbiotic gut microorganisms recognize and attack complex carbohydrates remain largely undefined. Here, we review the recent literature on this topic and posit that numerous, subtle variations in polysaccharides diversify the spectrum of available nutrient niches, each of which may be best filled by a subset of microorganisms that possess the corresponding proteins to recognize and degrade different carbohydrates. Understanding these relationships at precise mechanistic levels will be essential to obtain a complete understanding of the forces shaping gut microbial ecology and genomic evolution, as well as devising strategies to intentionally manipulate the composition and physiology of the gut microbial community to improve health.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Gill, Steven R.;Pop, Mihai;Nelson, Karen E.
通讯作者：
Nelson, Karen E.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Aspeborg H;Coutinho PM;Wang Y;Brumer H 3rd;Henrissat B
通讯作者：
Henrissat B
影响因子：
12.2
作者：
Flint HJ;Scott KP;Duncan SH;Louis P;Forano E
通讯作者：
Forano E
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Caporaso JG;Lauber CL;Costello EK;Berg-Lyons D;Gonzalez A;Stombaugh J;Knights D;Gajer P;Ravel J;Fierer N;Gordon JI;Knight R
通讯作者：
Knight R
DOI：
10.1128/aem.17.4.568-576.1969
发表时间：
1969-01-01
期刊：
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ARANKI, A;SYED, SA;FRETER, R
通讯作者：
FRETER, R