Expression of the central growth regulator BIG BROTHER is regulated by multiple cis-elements.
Expression of the central growth regulator BIG BROTHER is regulated by multiple cis-elements.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2229-12-41
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发表时间：
2012-03-20
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Lenhard M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breuninger H;Lenhard M
我们在自然界中观察到的生物变化很大程度上是由于器官大小的差异。观察到，即使是关系密切的物种也可以在器官大小上表现出巨大的、稳定的遗传差异，这表明控制器官大小的遗传因素很强。尽管最近在识别控制植物器官生长的因素方面取得了进展，但我们对这一过程的整体了解仍然有限，部分原因是个别因素尚未连接到更大的调控途径或网络中。为了开始解决这个目标，我们研究了大哥(BB)的上游表达调控，Bb是拟南芥中的一个中央生长控制基因，可以防止器官过度生长。最终器官大小和BB表达水平密切相关，这意味着需要对其表达进行精确控制。Bb的表达反映了增殖活性，但该基因的功能是限制增殖，这表明它在生长激活剂下游的一个不连贯的前馈环中起作用，以防止过度增殖。为了研究Bb的上游调控，我们结合了启动子缺失分析和系统发育足迹方法。我们能够缩小Bb启动子中重要的、高度保守的顺式调控元件的范围。其他十字花科植物的启动子序列能够部分补充拟南芥BB-1突变体，这表明至少在十字花科植物中调控途径是保守的。这项工作强调了精确的基因表达定量控制所涉及的复杂性，并为确定决定BB表达水平从而最终器官大小的重要上游调节因子奠定了基础。
Much of the organismal variation we observe in nature is due to differences in organ size. The observation that even closely related species can show large, stably inherited differences in organ size indicates a strong genetic component to the control of organ size. Despite recent progress in identifying factors controlling organ growth in plants, our overall understanding of this process remains limited, partly because the individual factors have not yet been connected into larger regulatory pathways or networks. To begin addressing this aim, we have studied the upstream regulation of expression of BIG BROTHER (BB), a central growth-control gene in Arabidopsis thaliana that prevents overgrowth of organs. Final organ size and BB expression levels are tightly correlated, implying the need for precise control of its expression. BB expression mirrors proliferative activity, yet the gene functions to limit proliferation, suggesting that it acts in an incoherent feedforward loop downstream of growth activators to prevent over-proliferation. To investigate the upstream regulation of BB we combined a promoter deletion analysis with a phylogenetic footprinting approach. We were able to narrow down important, highly conserved, cis-regulatory elements within the BB promoter. Promoter sequences of other Brassicaceae species were able to partially complement the A. thaliana bb-1 mutant, suggesting that at least within the Brassicaceae family the regulatory pathways are conserved. This work underlines the complexity involved in precise quantitative control of gene expression and lays the foundation for identifying important upstream regulators that determine BB expression levels and thus final organ size.
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影响因子：
7
作者：
Dubchak, I;Brudno, M;Frazer, KA
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
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