A dual role of human tRNA methyltransferase hTrmt13 in regulating translation and transcription.

A dual role of human tRNA methyltransferase hTrmt13 in regulating translation and transcription.
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人 tRNA 甲基转移酶 hTrmt13 在调节翻译和转录中的双重作用。

DOI:
10.15252/embj.2021108544
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发表时间:
2022-03-15
期刊:
The EMBO journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Liu RJ
Liu RJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li H;Dong H;Xu B;Xiong QP;Li CT;Yang WQ;Li J;Huang ZX;Zeng QY;Wang ED;Liu RJ

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由于许多RNA和RBP通常定位于活性染色质区域,许多RNA结合蛋白(RBP)可能是潜在的转录调节因子。RBP通常被认为通过非编码RNA调节转录。在这里,我们描述了一个独特的,双重的转录调节机制,以前未表征的tRNA修饰酶,hTrmt 13。一方面,hTrmt 13在细胞质中催化tRNA的2 '-O-甲基化,从而以取决于其tRNA修饰活性的方式调节翻译。另一方面,核定位的hTrmt 13直接结合DNA作为关键上皮-间充质转化因子的转录共激活因子,从而促进细胞迁移,而不依赖于tRNA修饰活性。hTrmt 13的这些双重功能是相互排斥的,因为它可以通过其CHHC锌指结构域结合DNA或tRNA。最后,我们发现hTrmt 13表达与不同癌症患者的预后和生存率密切相关。我们对RNA修饰酶的非催化作用的发现为理解epitranscriptomic调控提供了新的视角。hTrmt 13通过在细胞质中的翻译调节基因表达,但也通过以非催化方式作为转录共激活因子发挥作用。
Since numerous RNAs and RBPs prevalently localize to active chromatin regions, many RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) may be potential transcriptional regulators. RBPs are generally thought to regulate transcription via noncoding RNAs. Here, we describe a distinct, dual mechanism of transcriptional regulation by the previously uncharacterized tRNA‐modifying enzyme, hTrmt13. On one hand, hTrmt13 acts in the cytoplasm to catalyze 2'‐O‐methylation of tRNAs, thus regulating translation in a manner depending on its tRNA‐modification activity. On the other hand, nucleus‐localized hTrmt13 directly binds DNA as a transcriptional co‐activator of key epithelial–mesenchymal transition factors, thereby promoting cell migration independent of tRNA‐modification activity. These dual functions of hTrmt13 are mutually exclusive, as it can bind either DNA or tRNA through its CHHC zinc finger domain. Finally, we find that hTrmt13 expression is tightly associated with poor prognosis and survival in diverse cancer patients. Our discovery of the noncatalytic roles of an RNA‐modifying enzyme provides a new perspective for understanding epitranscriptomic regulation. hTrmt13 regulates gene expression via translation in the cytoplasm, but also by acting in a non‐catalytic manner as a transcriptional coactivator.
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