Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes?

Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes?
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DOI:
10.1038/mp.2009.44
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发表时间:
2009-08
影响因子:
11
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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--
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经典的素质-压力框架认为一些人特别容易受到逆境的影响,这几乎为所有关于行为-基因-环境(G×E)相互作用的精神病学研究提供了信息。有人提出了另一种“不同易感性”的框架,该框架认为,那些最容易受到逆境影响的人,因为他们的基因构成,同时最有可能从支持性或丰富的经历中受益--甚至只是没有逆境。最近的G×E发现与这一观点一致,涉及单胺氧化酶-A,5-HTTLPR(5-羟色胺连接的多态区域多态性)和多巴胺受体D4(DRD4)。研究结果表明,假设的“脆弱基因”或“风险等位基因”有时可能更恰当地被概念化为“可塑性基因”,因为它们似乎使个体更容易受到环境影响--无论是好是坏。
The classic diathesis–stress framework, which views some individuals as particularly vulnerable to adversity, informs virtually all psychiatric research on behavior–gene–environment (G × E) interaction. An alternative framework of ‘differential susceptibility' is proposed, one which regards those most susceptible to adversity because of their genetic make up as simultaneously most likely to benefit from supportive or enriching experiences—or even just the absence of adversity. Recent G × E findings consistent with this perspective and involving monoamine oxidase-A, 5-HTTLPR (5-hydroxytryptamine-linked polymorphic region polymorphism) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) are reviewed for illustrative purposes. Results considered suggest that putative ‘vulnerability genes' or ‘risk alleles' might, at times, be more appropriately conceptualized as ‘plasticity genes', because they seem to make individuals more susceptible to environmental influences—for better and for worse.
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