Slow escape decisions are swayed by trait anxiety.
Slow escape decisions are swayed by trait anxiety.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41562-019-0595-5
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发表时间：
2019-07
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Mobbs D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fung BJ;Qi S;Hassabis D;Daw N;Mobbs D
理论模型区分由远端威胁引起的神经反应和由更直接的威胁引起的神经反应。具体来说，较慢的“认知”恐惧反应涉及包括腹侧海马（vHPC）和内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）在内的大脑区域网络，而即时的“反应性”恐惧防御反应依赖于诸如导水管周围灰质（PAG）等区域。然而，目前还不清楚焦虑及其神经基质与这些不同的防御性生存回路之间的关系。我们测试了特质焦虑的个体差异是否会影响逃跑行为和对缓慢和快速攻击的捕食者的神经反应：分别引起“认知”和“反应性”恐惧的条件。行为上，我们发现，特质焦虑是不相关的快速威胁逃跑的决定，但具有较高的特质焦虑的人逃脱较早，在缓慢的威胁。功能磁共振成像显示，当受试者面临缓慢的威胁时，特质焦虑与vHPC，mPFC，杏仁核和杏仁核的活动呈正相关。此外，vHPC和mPFC之间的功能耦合的强度与特质焦虑的程度相关。这些发现表明，焦虑在近端威胁条件下的逃避中起很小或没有作用。相反，焦虑会影响参与意志性策略逃避的“认知”恐惧回路。
Theoretical models distinguish between neural responses elicited by distal threats and those evoked by more immediate threats. Specifically, slower, “cognitive” fear responses involve a network of brain regions including ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while immediate, “reactive” fear defensive responses rely on regions such as the periaqueductal gray (PAG). It is unclear, however, how anxiety and its neural substrates relate to these distinct defensive survival circuits. We tested whether individual differences in trait anxiety would impact escape behavior and neural responses to slow and fast attacking predators: conditions designed to evoke “cognitive” and “reactive” fear, respectively. Behaviorally, we found that trait anxiety was not related to escape decisions for fast threats, but individuals with higher trait anxiety escaped earlier during slow threats. Functional MRI showed that when subjects faced slow threats, trait anxiety positively correlated with activity in the vHPC, mPFC, amygdala and insula. Further, the strength of the functional coupling between the vHPC and mPFC was correlated with the degree of trait anxiety. These findings suggest that anxiety plays little or no role in escape under conditions of proximal threat. Instead, anxiety affects “cognitive” fear circuits that are involved in volitional strategic escape.
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在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧：恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Fanselow, Michael S.;Dong, Hong-Wei
通讯作者：
Dong, Hong-Wei
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Genovese, CR;Lazar, NA;Nichols, T
通讯作者：
Nichols, T
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Maner, Jon K.;Richey, J. Anthony;Schmidt, Norman B.
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Norman B.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Indovina I;Robbins TW;Núñez-Elizalde AO;Dunn BD;Bishop SJ
通讯作者：
Bishop SJ