Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans.
Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.034
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发表时间：
2011-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Bishop SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Indovina I;Robbins TW;Núñez-Elizalde AO;Dunn BD;Bishop SJ
对啮齿动物和人类恐惧条件反射的研究揭示了暗示恐惧和情境恐惧的神经机制。一个关键的问题是，诸如特质焦虑之类的人格维度是如何通过这些机制赋予对焦虑症的脆弱性的，以及人类克服获得性恐惧的能力是否依赖于动物模型中没有的调节技能。在一项关于人类恐惧条件反射的神经成像研究中，我们发现了神经认知功能的两个独立维度与焦虑易感性相关的证据。第一种方法是增加杏仁核对阶段性恐惧线索的反应。第二项研究涉及到腹侧前额叶皮层（vPFC）募集不足，从而在厌恶的无条件刺激被忽略（消失）之前下调暗示恐惧和情境恐惧。这两个维度可能导致焦虑症的症状差异；影响恐惧发展的杏仁核机制和影响特定恐惧和广泛性焦虑维持的额叶机制。►杏仁核和额叶功能障碍与焦虑易感性独立相关►杏仁核失调导致特质焦虑受试者的线索恐惧升高►在线索恐惧和情境恐惧期间，焦虑恢复力与更大的vPFC活动相关►vPFC的作用不仅限于消退，还包括消退前的恐惧下调
Investigations of fear conditioning in rodents and humans have illuminated the neural mechanisms underlying cued and contextual fear. A critical question is how personality dimensions such as trait anxiety act through these mechanisms to confer vulnerability to anxiety disorders, and whether humans' ability to overcome acquired fears depends on regulatory skills not characterized in animal models. In a neuroimaging study of fear conditioning in humans, we found evidence for two independent dimensions of neurocognitive function associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety. The first entailed increased amygdala responsivity to phasic fear cues. The second involved impoverished ventral prefrontal cortical (vPFC) recruitment to downregulate both cued and contextual fear prior to omission (extinction) of the aversive unconditioned stimulus. These two dimensions may contribute to symptomatology differences across anxiety disorders; the amygdala mechanism affecting the development of phobic fear and the frontal mechanism influencing the maintenance of both specific fears and generalized anxiety. ► Amygdala and frontal dysfunction independently linked to vulnerability to anxiety ► Amygdala dysregulation contributes to elevated cued fear in trait anxious subjects ► Anxiety resilience linked to greater vPFC activity during cued and contextual fear ► vPFC role not limited to extinction, but also pre-extinction fear downregulation
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2021-06.2006
发表时间：
2006-09-13
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kalisch R;Korenfeld E;Stephan KE;Weiskopf N;Seymour B;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Hettema, JM;Neale, MC;Kendler, KS
通讯作者：
Kendler, KS
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Grillon, C
通讯作者：
Grillon, C
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Chambers, JA;Power, KG;Durham, RC
通讯作者：
Durham, RC
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Delgado MR;Nearing KI;Ledoux JE;Phelps EA
通讯作者：
Phelps EA