The phylogenomics of evolving virus virulence.

The phylogenomics of evolving virus virulence.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41576-018-0055-5
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发表时间:
2018-12
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Holmes EC
Holmes EC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Geoghegan JL;Holmes EC

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在病毒跳跃到新的宿主物种后,毒力如何演变是疾病出现的核心。我们目前对毒力进化的理解是基于两个基本上独立发展的观点:基于有限的真实的数据实例的长期进化理论,通常缺乏基因组基础,以及使用细胞培养或动物模型对毒力决定突变的实验研究。通过对病毒基因组序列数据的全基因组分析作为实验研究的指导,弥合这两条研究途径之间的差距,可以更全面地了解毒力突变及其进化。病毒的毒力是人类和其他物种病毒感染健康负担的主要决定因素。在这篇文章中,Geoghegan和Holmes讨论了如何通过考虑系统发育背景下病毒进化的真实的基因组数据来弥合很大程度上不同的研究领域-毒力进化的理论建模和实验室模型系统中遗传毒力决定因素的实验解剖。他们描述了毒力进化的基本原理,以及它们如何应用于现实世界的病毒感染和全球重要性的爆发。
How virulence evolves after a virus jumps to a new host species is central to disease emergence. Our current understanding of virulence evolution is based on insights drawn from two perspectives that have developed largely independently: long-standing evolutionary theory based on limited real data examples that often lack a genomic basis, and experimental studies of virulence-determining mutations using cell culture or animal models. A more comprehensive understanding of virulence mutations and their evolution can be achieved by bridging the gap between these two research pathways through the phylogenomic analysis of virus genome sequence data as a guide to experimental study. The virulence of viruses is a major determinant of the health burden of viral infections in humans and other species. In this article, Geoghegan and Holmes discuss how largely disparate research fields — theoretical modelling of virulence evolution and experimental dissection of genetic virulence determinants in laboratory model systems — can be bridged by considering real genomic data of viral evolution in a phylogenetic context. They describe the underlying principles of virulence evolution and how they apply to real-world viral infections and outbreaks of global importance.
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