Women's Work Pathways Across the Life Course.
Women's Work Pathways Across the Life Course.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-016-0464-z
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Frech, Adrianne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damaske, Sarah;Frech, Adrianne
尽管20世纪后半叶妇女就业发生了诸多变化，但妇女就业仍然不平衡、停滞不前。根据全国青年纵向调查 (NLSY79) 中女性每周工作时间的数据，我们发现女性成年后的劳动力经历存在显着不平等。我们发现女性有两条稳定的全职工作途径、三种兼职就业途径和一条无偿劳动途径。大多数女性选择两种全职工作途径之一，而只有不到 10% 的女性选择无偿劳动。我们的研究结果证明了工作与家庭冲突以及早期社会经济优势和劣势对女性工作道路的持久影响。事实上，种族、贫困、教育程度和早期家庭特征极大地影响了女性的职业生涯。工作与家庭的机会和限制也与女性的工作时间有关，女性的性别信念和期望也与女性的工作时间有关。我们的结论是，女性的就业路径是她们的资源、不断变化的社会环境以及个人能动性的产物。值得注意的是，我们指出，社会分层、性别意识形态以及工作与家庭的制约因素共同作用，是女性如何从小就被“追踪”到工作道路的关键解释。
Despite numerous changes in women’s employment in the latter half of the 20th century, women’s employment continues to be uneven and stalled. Drawing from data on women’s weekly work hours in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we identify significant inequality in women’s labor force experiences across adulthood. We find two pathways of stable fulltime work for women, three pathways of part-time employment, and a pathway of unpaid labor. A majority of women follow one of the two fulltime work pathways, while fewer than 10 percent follow a pathway of unpaid labor. Our findings provide evidence of the lasting influence of work-family conflict and early socio-economic advantages and disadvantages on women’s work pathways. Indeed, race, poverty, educational attainment, and early family characteristics significantly shaped women’s work careers. Work-family opportunities and constraints also were related to women’s work hours, as were a woman’s gendered beliefs and expectations. We conclude that women’s employment pathways are a product of both their resources and changing social environment as well as individual agency. Significantly, we point to social stratification, gender ideologies, and work-family constraints, working in concert, as key explanations for how women are “tracked” onto work pathways from an early age.
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影响因子：
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