Evidence for Teaching in an Australian Songbird.
Evidence for Teaching in an Australian Songbird.
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在澳大利亚鸣禽教学的证据。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.593532
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Taylor H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor H
鸣禽的歌声（就像人类的语言和歌声一样）依赖于罕见的发声学习能力。传输可以是垂直、水平或倾斜的。一般来说，对于一只幼稚的鸟来说，记忆和发声并不是同时进行的：它们在第一次发声之前的几个月里，就已经对歌曲短语进行了长期的储存。虽然大量关于鸣禽文化适应的细节已经通过关注学徒而被揭示出来，但观察学习是否可以完全解释鸟类鸣禽的个体发育，或者是否也可能涉及主动教学的元素，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。鉴于动物文化的知识匮乏，我认为，教学的包容性定义，鼓励数据收集在广泛的分类群的效用。借用从音乐学的见解，我介绍了澳大利亚的黑腹滨鹬（Cracticus nigrogularis）到周围的文化传播机制的辩论。我探讨的相关性和实用性的精神，文化为基础的，和功能主义的教学方法在这个物种。鸟鸣声录音和观察数据（包括照片）的一个领域的网站提供的证据，我评估的基础上制定的标准卡罗和豪瑟，沿着，后来完善他们的功能主义的定义。这里审查的候选案例教学增加了一个有限的，但越来越多的报告支持的概念，教学可能比目前实现的更广泛。尽管如此，我描述的挑战，确认学习已经发生在鸣禽学生，考虑到声乐教学和生产之间的延迟，以及低的地位给予轶事和其他观察证据通常聚集在声称的教学情况。作为一种纠正，我敦促强调生物多样性，这将指导教学研究超越人类的帐户和棘手的学科特定的举证责任。
Song in oscine birds (as in human speech and song) relies upon the rare capacity of vocal learning. Transmission can be vertical, horizontal, or oblique. As a rule, memorization and production by a naïve bird are not simultaneous: the long-term storage of song phrases precedes their first vocal rehearsal by months. While a wealth of detail regarding songbird enculturation has been uncovered by focusing on the apprentice, whether observational learning can fully account for the ontogeny of birdsong, or whether there could also be an element of active teaching involved, has remained an open question. Given the paucity of knowledge on animal cultures, I argue for the utility of an inclusive definition of teaching that encourages data be collected across a wide range of taxa. Borrowing insights from musicology, I introduce the Australian pied butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) into the debate surrounding mechanisms of cultural transmission. I probe the relevance and utility of mentalistic, culture-based, and functionalist approaches to teaching in this species. Sonographic analysis of birdsong recordings and observational data (including photographs) of pied butcherbird behavior at one field site provide evidence that I assess based on criteria laid down by Caro and Hauser, along with later refinements to their functionalist definition. The candidate case of teaching reviewed here adds to a limited but growing body of reports supporting the notion that teaching may be more widespread than is currently realized. Nonetheless, I describe the challenges of confirming that learning has occurred in songbird pupils, given the delay between vocal instruction and production, as well as the low status accorded to anecdote and other observational evidence commonly mustered in instances of purported teaching. As a corrective, I press for an emphasis on biodiversity that will guide the study of teaching beyond human accounts and intractable discipline-specific burdens of proof.
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影响因子：
10.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Keesing, F
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
PETRINOVICH, L
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
KING, JR
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BARNETT, SA
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