Learning and generalization in schizophrenia: effects of disease and antipsychotic drug treatment.
Learning and generalization in schizophrenia: effects of disease and antipsychotic drug treatment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.025
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发表时间：
2010-05-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Tamminga, Carol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shohamy, Daphna;Mihalakos, Perry;Chin, Ronald;Thomas, Binu;Wagner, Anthony D.;Tamminga, Carol
Schizophrenia involves alterations in hippocampal function. The implications of these alterations for memory function in the illness remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it remains unknown how memory is impacted by drug treatments for schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to delineate specific memory processes that are disrupted in schizophrenia and explore how they are affected by medication. We specifically focus on memory generalization - the ability to flexibly generalize memories in novel situations. Individuals with schizophrenia (n=56) and healthy controls (n=20) were tested on a computerized memory generalization paradigm. Participants first engage in trial-by-error associative learning. They are then asked to generalize what they learned by responding to novel stimulus combinations. Individuals with schizophrenia were tested on or off anti-psychotic medication, using a between-subject design that eliminates concerns about learning-set effects. Individuals with schizophrenia were selectively impaired in their ability to generalize knowledge, despite having intact learning and memory accuracy. This impairment was found only in individuals tested off medication. Individuals tested on medication generalized almost as well as healthy controls. This between-group difference was selective to memory generalization. These findings suggest that individuals with schizophrenia have a selective alteration in the ability to flexibly generalize past experience towards novel learning environments. This alteration is unaccompanied by global memory defect. Additionally, the results indicate a robust generalization difference based on medication status. These results suggest that hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia may be alleviated with anti-psychotic medication, with important implications for understanding adaptive memory-guided behavior.
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