Division of labor, specialization and diversity in the ancient Roman cities: A quantitative approach to Latin epigraphy.
Division of labor, specialization and diversity in the ancient Roman cities: A quantitative approach to Latin epigraphy.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0269869
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
最近关于现代城市劳动分工的实证研究表明，城市的部门专业化及其生产率与部门多样化和复原力之间存在着复杂的关系网。新兴的学术共识表明，古代城市主义与现代城市发展的共同点比以前认为的要多。我们探讨了现代城市劳动分工的趋势是否适用于公元前世纪到公元前世纪的西罗马帝国的城市。我们分析职业数据提取的大量拉丁铭文证据的计算机辅助文本挖掘，随后映射到古罗马城市的数据集。我们检测到一个更高的频率的职业术语从城市领导的铭文比从农村地区的罗马，并确定在大城市的第三产业职业的积累。铭文数据的时间维度使我们能够研究历时的劳动分工方面，并在长达四个世纪的罗马帝国历史中发现数据的趋势。我们的分析表明，在世纪的上半叶和下半叶之间的职业术语的频率整体下降，职业术语的最大频率随着时间的推移从大城市转移到中小城镇，最后，农村地区。我们关于城市的专业化和多样性及其各自对生产力和复原力的影响的结果仍然没有定论，可能是由于拉丁文铭文的社会经济偏见和数据的代表性不足。然而，我们相信，我们对研究问题的形式化方法为研究开辟了新的途径，无论是在罗马帝国的经济史还是在城市科学的当前趋势方面。
Recent empirical studies on the division of labor in modern cities indicate a complex web of relationships between sectoral specialization of cities and their productivity on one hand and sectoral diversification and resilience on the other. Emerging scholarly consensus suggests that ancient urbanism has more in common with modern urban development than previously thought. We explore whether modern trends in urban division of labor apply to the cities of the Western Roman Empire from the first century BCE to the fourth century CE. We analyze occupational data extracted from a large body of Latin epigraphic evidence by computer-assisted text-mining, subsequently mapped onto a dataset of ancient Roman cities. We detect a higher frequency of occupation terms on inscriptions from cities led by Rome than from rural areas and identify an accumulation of tertiary sector occupations in large cities. The temporal dimension of epigraphic data allows us to study aspects of the division of labor diachronically and to detect trends in the data in a four centuries-long period of Roman imperial history. Our analyses reveal an overall decrease in the frequency of occupational terms between the first half and second half of the third century CE; the maximum frequency of occupational terms shifts over time from large cities to medium and small towns, and finally, rural areas. Our results regarding the specialization and diversity of cities and their respective impact on productivity and resilience remain inconclusive, possibly as a result of the socio-economic bias of Latin inscriptions and insufficient representativeness of the data. Yet, we believe that our formalized approach to the research problem opens up new avenues for research, both in respect to the economic history of the Roman Empire and to the current trends in the science of cities.
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影响因子：
4.6
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