Pelagic habitat: exploring the concept of good environmental status

Pelagic habitat: exploring the concept of good environmental status
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远洋栖息地:探索良好环境状况的概念

DOI:
10.1093/icesjms/fsx158
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Dickey-Collas M
Dickey-Collas M
中科院分区:
农林科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dickey-Collas M

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海洋环境立法越来越多地表示需要考虑远洋生境的质量。本文利用欧盟海洋战略框架,探讨远洋栖息地的良好环境状况(GES)的概念,旨在建立一个更广泛的理解这个问题。远洋生态系统具有静态、持久和短暂的特征,可管理的人类活动主要影响持久特征。该文件探讨了界定“良好”的含义,确定评估远洋生境的界限,以及在移动介质中考虑生境生物多样性的挑战。它的结论是,要使远洋生境处于GES并能够为人类提供商品和服务,必须满足三个条件:(i)在当前环境条件下存在的所有物种都应能够找到结束其生命周期所必需的远洋生境;(ii)生物地球化学调节维持在正常水平; ㈢生物群和水团在多个尺度上的关键物理动态和运动不受阻碍。知识经纪人、管理人员和利益攸关方应讨论每种条件的可接受水平的参考点,以及这些参考点如何随着时间的推移根据当时的海洋条件而变化。管理者应该考虑栖息地水文地理学而不是栖息地地理学。确定生境的边界需要考虑尺度、尺度和梯度。这是可能的,以处理动态环境和不同的空间和时间尺度的相关性所造成的挑战,我们将需要整合多学科的经验数据集与空间和时间模型,以评估和监测进展,或从GES的中上层生境的位移。
Marine environmental legislation is increasingly expressing a need to consider the quality of pelagic habitats. This paper uses the European Union marine strategy framework to explore the concept of good environmental status (GES) of pelagic habitat with the aim to build a wider understanding of the issue. Pelagic ecosystems have static, persistent and ephemeral features, with manageable human activities primarily impacting the persistent features. The paper explores defining the meaning of “good”, setting boundaries to assess pelagic habitat and the challenges of considering habitat biodiversity in a moving medium. It concludes that for pelagic habitats to be in GES and able to provide goods and services to humans, three conditions should be met: (i) all species present under current environmental conditions should be able to find the pelagic habitats essential to close their life cycles; (ii) biogeochemical regulation is maintained at normal levels; (iii) critical physical dynamics and movements of biota and water masses at multiple scales are not obstructed. Reference points for acceptable levels of each condition and how these may change over time in line with prevailing oceanographic conditions, should be discussed by knowledge brokers, managers and stakeholders. Managers should think about a habitat hydrography rather than a habitat geography. Setting the bounds of the habitats requires a consideration of dimension, scale and gradients. It is likely that to deal with the challenges caused by a dynamic environment and the relevance of differing spatial and temporal scales, we will need to integrate multidisciplinary empirical data sets with spatial and temporal models to assess and monitor progress towards, or displacement from GES of the pelagic habitat.
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