Population density-dependent hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
Population density-dependent hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.002
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Suomi, S. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dettmer, A. M.;Novak, M. A.;Meyer, J. S.;Suomi, S. J.
已知种群密度会影响各种物种（包括鱼、鹿、鸟和人类）下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴活动的急性测量。然而，人口密度对慢性压力水平的影响尚不清楚。鉴于长期暴露于循环糖皮质激素水平升高会导致动物和人类的健康差异，了解人口密度如何影响慢性压力是很重要的。我们评估了恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）的毛发皮质醇浓度（HCC），这是慢性HPA轴活动的可靠指标，以确定人口密度对这些值的影响。在实验1中，我们比较了生活在高密度环境中的猴子的HCC，（HD; 1只猴/0.87m2）和低密度（LD; 1只猴/63.37m2）环境（N=236个毛发样本），发现HD猴子在所有年龄组中都表现出较高的毛发皮质醇。（婴儿、青少年、青年、成年和老年），除了婴儿和老年（F（5）=4.240，p=0.001），其差异几乎是显著的。HD猴也比LD猴遭受更严重的战斗创伤（χ2=26.053，p<0.001），但未出现优势地位的影响。在实验2中，我们研究了HCC如何在成年LD猴（N=155毛发样本）中随五年内波动的人口水平而变化，并发现在这个半自然的人口中，人口密度的增加与HCC显著正相关（r（s）=0.975，p=0.005）。这些是首次发现，以证明人口密度增加与增加慢性，内源性糖皮质激素暴露在非人灵长类动物物种。我们讨论了这些发现对实验室研究、种群生态学和人类流行病学的影响。
Population density is known to influence acute measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in a variety of species, including fish, deer, birds, and humans. However, the effects of population density on levels of chronic stress are unknown. Given the fact that exposure to chronically elevated levels of circulating glucocorticoids results in a host of health disparities in animals and humans alike, it is important to understand how population density may impact chronic stress. We assessed hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs), which are reliable indicators of chronic HPA axis activity, in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to determine the influence of population density on these values. In Experiment 1, we compared HCCs of monkeys living in high-density (HD; 1 monkey/0.87m2) and low-density (LD; 1 monkey/63.37m2) environments (N=236 hair samples) and found that HD monkeys exhibited higher hair cortisol across all age categories (infant, juvenile, young adult, adult, and aged) except infancy and aged (F(5)=4.240, p=0.001), for which differences were nearly significant. HD monkeys also received more severe fight wounds than LD monkeys (χ2=26.053, p<0.001), though no effects of dominance status emerged. In Experiment 2, we examined how HCCs change with fluctuating population levels across five years in the adult LD monkeys (N=155 hair samples) and found that increased population density was significantly positively correlated with HCCs in this semi-naturalistic population (r(s)=0.975, p=0.005). These are the first findings to demonstrate that increased population density is associated with increased chronic, endogenous glucocorticoid exposure in a nonhuman primate species. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to laboratory research, population ecology, and human epidemiology.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1210554
发表时间：
2011-12-09
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bharti N;Tatem AJ;Ferrari MJ;Grais RF;Djibo A;Grenfell BT
通讯作者：
Grenfell BT
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
BERCOVITCH, FB;CLARKE, AS
通讯作者：
CLARKE, AS
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
ARCESE, P;SMITH, JNM
通讯作者：
SMITH, JNM
影响因子：
2
作者：
DAHLGREN, BT
通讯作者：
DAHLGREN, BT
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Emack, Jeff;Kostaki, Alice;Matthews, Stephen G.
通讯作者：
Matthews, Stephen G.