The Anatomy of Inference: Generative Models and Brain Structure.

The Anatomy of Inference: Generative Models and Brain Structure.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncom.2018.00090
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Friston KJ
Friston KJ
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Parr T;Friston KJ

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为了推断其感觉的原因,大脑必须调用生成(预测)模型。这就需要在神经元群体之间传递局部信息,以更新关于感官样本之外世界中隐藏变量的信念。它还包含关于我们将如何行动的推论。主动推理是一个原则性的框架,它将感知和行动框架为近似贝叶斯推理。这已经成功地解释了广泛的生理和行为现象。最近,出现了一种过程理论,试图将推理与其神经生物学基质联系起来。在本文中,我们回顾并发展了这一过程理论的解剖学方面。我们认为,推理所需的生成模型的形式限制了大脑区域相互连接的方式。具体来说,代表关于变量的信念的神经元群体必须从代表该变量的马尔可夫毯的群体接收输入。我们在四个不同的领域说明了这个想法:感知,规划,注意力和运动。在这样做的过程中,我们试图展示如何吸引生成模型使我们能够解释解剖大脑架构。最终,致力于推理的解剖学理论确保我们可以形成可以使用神经成像,神经心理学和电生理学实验进行测试的经验假设。
To infer the causes of its sensations, the brain must call on a generative (predictive) model. This necessitates passing local messages between populations of neurons to update beliefs about hidden variables in the world beyond its sensory samples. It also entails inferences about how we will act. Active inference is a principled framework that frames perception and action as approximate Bayesian inference. This has been successful in accounting for a wide range of physiological and behavioral phenomena. Recently, a process theory has emerged that attempts to relate inferences to their neurobiological substrates. In this paper, we review and develop the anatomical aspects of this process theory. We argue that the form of the generative models required for inference constrains the way in which brain regions connect to one another. Specifically, neuronal populations representing beliefs about a variable must receive input from populations representing the Markov blanket of that variable. We illustrate this idea in four different domains: perception, planning, attention, and movement. In doing so, we attempt to show how appealing to generative models enables us to account for anatomical brain architectures. Ultimately, committing to an anatomical theory of inference ensures we can form empirical hypotheses that can be tested using neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological experiments.
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