Temporal variation may have diverse impacts on range limits.

Temporal variation may have diverse impacts on range limits.
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2021.0016
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发表时间:
2022-04-11
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Peniston JH
Peniston JH
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Holt RD;Barfield M;Peniston JH

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环境波动在自然界中是普遍存在的,但非方向性的时间变化对范围限制的影响却很少受到关注。我们综合的见解,从文献和使用简单的模型,使概念点的潜在范围广泛的生态和进化的影响,时间变化的范围限制。由于生物体对环境条件的反应是非线性的,因此时间变化可以定向地改变长期生长率,要么缩小范围,要么扩大范围。我们用一个沿着死亡率梯度的竞争模型来说明这种结果的多样性。时间变化可以允许替代状态之间的转换,潜在地促进范围扩展。我们证明了这一点的变化扩散,使用简单的源-汇人口模型(具有较强的Allee效应,或与基因流阻碍当地的适应)。由于人口统计学随机性、罕见事件和遗传变异的丧失,时间变化增加了灭绝风险,所有这些都倾向于缩小范围。然而,利用变异(包括扩散)的特定适应可能允许比类似但恒定的环境更大的范围。与时间变化的斗争是必不可少的,以了解生态进化动力学的范围限制,并指导保护和管理战略。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分“物种”范围面对不断变化的环境(第二部分)。
Environmental fluctuations are pervasive in nature, but the influence of non-directional temporal variation on range limits has received scant attention. We synthesize insights from the literature and use simple models to make conceptual points about the potentially wide range of ecological and evolutionary effects of temporal variation on range limits. Because organisms respond nonlinearly to environmental conditions, temporal variation can directionally alter long-term growth rates, either to shrink or to expand ranges. We illustrate this diversity of outcomes with a model of competition along a mortality gradient. Temporal variation can permit transitions between alternative states, potentially facilitating range expansion. We show this for variation in dispersal, using simple source–sink population models (with strong Allee effects, or with gene flow hampering local adaptation). Temporal variation enhances extinction risk owing to demographic stochasticity, rare events, and loss of genetic variation, all tending to shrink ranges. However, specific adaptations to exploit variation (including dispersal) may permit larger ranges than in similar but constant environments. Grappling with temporal variation is essential both to understand eco-evolutionary dynamics at range limits and to guide conservation and management strategies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)’.
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