Extracellular matrix peptides of Artemia cyst shell participate in protecting encysted embryos from extreme environments.
Extracellular matrix peptides of Artemia cyst shell participate in protecting encysted embryos from extreme environments.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0020187
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yang WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai L;Chen DF;Liu YL;Zhao Y;Yang F;Yang JS;Yang WJ
卤虫的许多物种在世界上许多地方的各种恶劣环境中发现，这些环境中经常记录极端盐度，高紫外线辐射水平，高pH值，缺氧，大的温度波动和间歇性干燥条件。为了抵御不利的环境，卤虫经历卵生发育途径释放包囊，而在有利的条件下，游泳无节幼体直接通过卵胎生途径形成。在前一种情况下，这些囊肿具有非凡的能力，可以长期保护胚胎免受恶劣环境的影响。这是通过一个复杂的外包裹囊壳的保护来实现的。然而，囊壳的形成和功能是复杂的;细节仍然很不清楚。从抑制性消减杂交文库中克隆并鉴定了一个壳腺特异基因SGEG 2。蛋白质印迹分析表明，SGEG 2可能需要翻译后蛋白水解，以加工成两个成熟的肽（SGEG 2a和2b）。发现三种基质肽（先前报道的SGEG 1、2a和2b）分布在整个囊壳中。通过RNAi的基因敲低和随后的对环境胁迫的抗性测定的结果表明，这些基质肽是囊壳形成所需的，并且参与保护被包囊的胚胎免受环境胁迫。这项研究表明，细胞外基质肽参与保护胚胎免受极端盐度，紫外线辐射，大的温度波动和干燥环境的影响，从而促进它们的存活。孢囊壳提供了一个极好的机会，将生物体的生态环境与使其生存的潜在生理和生化过程联系起来。囊壳材料也具有成为具有大量预期用途的优异的新型生物材料的高潜力，特别是由于这些生物学特性。
Many species of the brine shrimp Artemia are found in various severe environments in many parts of the world where extreme salinity, high UV radiation levels, high pH, anoxia, large temperature fluctuations, and intermittent dry conditions are often recorded. To withstand adverse environments, Artemia undergoes an oviparous developmental pathway to release cysts whereas, under favorable conditions, swimming nauplius larvae are formed directly via an ovoviviparous pathway. In the former case these cysts have an extraordinary ability to keep the embryos protected from the harsh environment for long periods. This is achieved through the protection by a complex out-wrapping cyst shell. However, the formation and function of the cyst shell is complex; the details remain largely unclear. A shell gland-specific gene (SGEG2) was cloned and identified from a suppression subtractive hybridization library. Western blot analysis showed that SGEG2 presumably requires post-translational proteolysis in order to be processed into two mature peptides (SGEG2a and 2b). The three matrix peptides (SGEG1 reported previously, 2a, and 2b) were found to distribute throughout the cyst shell. The results of gene knockdown by RNAi and subsequent resistance to environmental stresses assays indicated that these matrix peptides are required for cyst shell formation and are involved in protecting the encysted embryos from environmental stress. This study revealed that extracellular matrix peptides participate in protecting embryos from extreme salinity, UV radiation, large temperature fluctuations and dry environments, thereby facilitating their survival. The cyst shell provides an excellent opportunity to link the ecological setting of an organism to the underlying physiological and biochemical processes enabling its survival. The cyst shell material has also a high potential to become an excellent new biomaterial with a high number of prospective uses due, specifically, to such biological characteristics.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
HOFMANN, GE;HAND, SC
通讯作者：
HAND, SC
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5320(67)90285-7
发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
MORRIS, JE;AFZELIUS, BA
通讯作者：
AFZELIUS, BA
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Suzuki, Michio;Saruwatari, Kazuko;Nagasawa, Hiromichi
通讯作者：
Nagasawa, Hiromichi
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Dai, Jie-Qiong;Zhu, Xiao-Jing;Yang, Wei-Jun
通讯作者：
Yang, Wei-Jun
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Tanguay, JA;Reyes, RC;Clegg, JS
通讯作者：
Clegg, JS