Diet, Fecal Microbiome, and Trimethylamine N-Oxide in a Cohort of Metabolically Healthy United States Adults.
Diet, Fecal Microbiome, and Trimethylamine N-Oxide in a Cohort of Metabolically Healthy United States Adults.
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TMAO在患有心脏代谢疾病的个体中升高，但尚不清楚代谢物是否是健康个体中关注的生物标志物。我们在18-66岁的代谢健康成年人中进行了一项横断面研究，BMI为18-44 kg/m2，并评估了TMAO与饮食，粪便微生物组和心脏代谢风险因素之间的关系。通过液相色谱质谱法测量禁食血浆样品中的TMAO。通过16 S核糖体RNA测序评估粪便微生物组，并通过多次ASA 24饮食回忆捕获最近的食物摄入量。通过EndoPAT评估内皮功能。通过空腹血浆TMAO三分位数计算描述性统计量，并通过ANOVA和Tukey事后检验进行评价。采用多元线性回归分析血浆TMAO与膳食摄入量和代谢健康参数之间的关系。TMAO浓度与动物蛋白食品、水果、蔬菜、乳制品或谷物的平均摄入量无关。TMAO与粪便微生物组相关，并且Butyribrio、Roseburia、Coprobaciullus和Catenibacterium属在最低与最高TMAO三分位数的个体中富集。TMAO与α-多样性呈正相关，组间存在成分差异。TMAO与健康队列中的经典心血管危险因素无关。同样，内皮功能与空腹TMAO无关，而炎症标志物TNF-α显著相关。空腹血浆TMAO可能不是一般健康成年人中关注的代谢物，未接受慢性疾病药物治疗。有必要在健康个体中进行前瞻性研究。
TMAO is elevated in individuals with cardiometabolic diseases, but it is unknown whether the metabolite is a biomarker of concern in healthy individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in metabolically healthy adults aged 18–66 years with BMI 18–44 kg/m2 and assessed the relationship between TMAO and diet, the fecal microbiome, and cardiometabolic risk factors. TMAO was measured in fasted plasma samples by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The fecal microbiome was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and recent food intake was captured by multiple ASA24 dietary recalls. Endothelial function was assessed via EndoPAT. Descriptive statistics were computed by fasting plasma TMAO tertiles and evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between plasma TMAO and dietary food intake and metabolic health parameters. TMAO concentrations were not associated with average intake of animal protein foods, fruits, vegetables, dairy, or grains. TMAO was related to the fecal microbiome and the genera Butyribrio, Roseburia, Coprobaciullus, and Catenibacterium were enriched in individuals in the lowest versus the highest TMAO tertile. TMAO was positively associated with α-diversity and compositional differences were identified between groups. TMAO was not associated with classic cardiovascular risk factors in the healthy cohort. Similarly, endothelial function was not related to fasting TMAO, whereas the inflammatory marker TNF-α was significantly associated. Fasting plasma TMAO may not be a metabolite of concern in generally healthy adults unmedicated for chronic disease. Prospective studies in healthy individuals are necessary.
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