Exploiting genome-wide association in oilseed Brassica species.
Exploiting genome-wide association in oilseed Brassica species.
复制标题
利用油籽芸苔属物种的全基因组关联。
作者：
E. Balázs;Wallace Cowling
植物和动物育种者测量个体的表型以选择更高产、更优质和更抗病的类型。这并不总是一个有效或特别快速的过程。动物育种者通过在分析中包括来自谱系的遗传关系以及最近通过实施基因组选择来改进育种值的估计并加速育种周期（戈达德and Hayes 2009; Weller 2010）。在植物中，基于实验群体中的连锁分析，复杂数量性状的分子标记已经与被称为数量性状基因座（QTL）的基因组区域相关联，但遗传分辨率相对较差。尽管植物中的QTL的报道很多，但相对较少用于应用植物育种程序以用于选择目的（Young 1999; Heffner等人2009）。这引起了在植物育种中整合定量和分子遗传学的兴趣，以改善QTL的鉴定和操作（Gupta等人，2010）。人类和动物遗传学家已经开发出复杂的分子和生物信息学工具来发现表型和基因型之间的分子遗传关联，全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）面板的遗传分辨率足以识别与健康和疾病相关的基因（Manolio et al. 2007）。关联遗传学的原理现在被应用于植物（Oraguzie et al. 2007）。在拟南芥中，基于高密度SNP图谱的连锁不平衡研究已经达到了新的高度，接近人类和动物研究的强度（Atwell等人，2010）。与动物育种一样，植物育种者现在正在考虑将基因组选择作为加速遗传改良的一种手段（Heffner et al. 2009），但在将基因组选择有效且有益地应用于植物育种之前，必须解决主要问题。在植物育种中，基因型在多个环境中被复制和测试，并且基因型与环境的相互作用对基因型的遗传或育种价值的估计具有重大影响。我们认为向专家请教如何将关联遗传学应用于植物育种是很重要的，因此我们邀请了人类、动物和植物分子遗传学家、生物信息学家、植物育种家和生物统计学家，共同探讨植物遗传改良中的主要问题。基因组选择会增加遗传增益并为植物育种计划提供经济效益吗？在动物中，基因组选择相对于非基因组方法的优势与标记物解释的遗传方差的比例有关（Hayes and戈达德2010）。在植物中，模拟研究已经得出了“真实”育种值和基因组育种值之间的相关性，对于遗传力低的多基因性状，相关性高达0.85，使基因组选择成为增加单位时间遗传增益的非常有吸引力的可能性（Heffner等人，2009年）。在成功申请经合组织合作组织会议补助金的帮助下，在可持续农业系统生物资源管理的可操作研究计划中，我们邀请了来自经合组织国家的几位科学家参加题为“利用油料作物的全基因组关联：经合组织主要作物遗传改良的模式，以实现可持续的未来农业”的国际会议。经合组织-基因组协会-oz 09。com）。会议于2009年11月9日至12日在西澳大利亚大学举行，代表13个以上国家的80名科学家出席了会议。会议之前举行了一个名为...
Plant and animal breeders measure the phenotype of individuals to select higher yielding, better quality, and more disease resistant types. This is not always an efficient or particularly rapid process. Animal breeders have improved estimations of breeding values and accelerated breeding cycles by including genetic relationships from pedigrees in the analysis, and more recently by implementing genomic selection (Goddard and Hayes 2009; Weller 2010). In plants, molecular markers for complex quantitative traits have been linked to genomic regions known as quantitative trait loci (QTL), based on linkage analysis in experimental populations, but with relatively poor genetic resolution. Despite the large number of reports of QTL in plants, relatively few have been used in applied plant breeding programs for selection purposes (Young 1999; Heffner et al. 2009). This has led to an interest in integrating quantitative and molecular genetics in plant breeding, in order to improve identification and manipulation of QTL (Gupta et al. 2010). Human and animal geneticists have developed sophisticated molecular and bioinformatic tools to discover molecular genetic associations between phenotype and genotype, with genetic resolution in genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels high enough to identify genes related to health and disease (Manolio et al. 2007). The principles of association genetics are now being applied to plants (Oraguzie et al. 2007). In Arabidopsis, linkage disequilibrium studies based on high density SNP maps have reached new heights, approaching the intensity of human and animal studies (Atwell et al. 2010). As in animal breeding, plant breeders are now considering genomic selection as a means of accelerating genetic improvement (Heffner et al. 2009), but major issues must be resolved before genomic selection is applied efficiently and profitably to plant breeding. In plant breeding, genotypes are replicated and tested in multiple environments, and genotype by environment interactions have a major influence on estimations of the genetic or breeding value of genotypes. We considered that it was important to ask the experts how they would apply association genetics to plant breeding, so we invited human, animal, and plant molecular geneticists; bioinformaticians; plant breeders; and biometricians to come together and explore the major questions in plant genetic improvement. Will genomic selection increase genetic gain and provide economical benefits to plant breeding programs? In animals, the advantage of genomic selection over nongenomic methods is related to the proportion of the genetic variance that is explained by the markers (Hayes and Goddard 2010). In plants, simulation studies have resulted in a correlation between ‘‘true’’breeding value and genomic breeding value, up to 0.85 for polygenic traits with low heritability, making genomic selection a very attractive possibility for increasing genetic gain per unit of time (Heffner et al. 2009).With the aid of a successful application for a conference grant from the OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, we invited several scientists from OECD countries to an international conference titled ‘‘Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable future farming’’(www. oecd-genomeassociation-oz09. com). The conference was held at The University of Western Australia, 9–12 November 2009, and was attended by 80 scientists representing more than 13 countries. The conference was preceded by a workshop titled …
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
King, Graham J.;Amoah, Stephen;Kurup, Smita
通讯作者：
Kurup, Smita
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Weir BS
通讯作者：
Weir BS
优良自交作物品种的全基因组关联图谱。
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Waugh R
通讯作者：
Waugh R