Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters.
Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.009
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发表时间：
2018-11
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Morrison BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jha MK;Morrison BM
按重量计算，大脑仅占身体体积的2%，但它消耗约20%的葡萄糖，这表明大脑的能量需求很高，葡萄糖是神经系统的主要能量来源。由于这种对葡萄糖的依赖性，脑生理学严重依赖于葡萄糖转运及其代谢的严格调节。葡萄糖转运蛋白确保神经细胞有效地摄取葡萄糖，并有助于神经系统的生理和病理。尽管如此，越来越多的证据表明，为了维持几种神经元功能，乳酸盐而不是葡萄糖是神经系统中优选的能量代谢物。单羧酸转运蛋白在神经系统中作为乳酸的主要转运蛋白，在为轴突提供代谢支持方面起着至关重要的作用。单羧酸转运蛋白对轴突髓鞘形成和再生也至关重要。最重要的是，最近的研究已经证明了神经胶质细胞在大脑能量代谢中的核心作用。神经元与中枢神经系统中的星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞或外周神经系统中的雪旺细胞之间的密切和受调节的代谢对话最近已被证明是神经系统代谢和功能的重要决定因素。本文综述了目前对神经系统中能量底物和利用的长期存在的争议的理解，并讨论了代谢转运蛋白在神经系统健康和疾病中的作用。
The brain is, by weight, only 2% the volume of the body and yet it consumes about 20% of the total glucose, suggesting that the energy requirements of the brain are high and that glucose is the primary energy source for the nervous system. Due to this dependence on glucose, brain physiology critically depends on the tight regulation of glucose transport and its metabolism. Glucose transporters ensure efficient glucose uptake by neural cells and contribute to the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Despite this, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that for the maintenance of several neuronal functions, lactate, rather than glucose, is the preferred energy metabolite in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters play a crucial role in providing metabolic support to axons by functioning as the principal transporters for lactate in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters are also critical for axonal myelination and regeneration. Most importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the central role of glial cells in brain energy metabolism. A close and regulated metabolic conversation between neurons and both astrocytes and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system, or Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, has recently been shown to be an important determinant of the metabolism and function of the nervous system. This article reviews the current understanding of the long existing controversies regarding energy substrate and utilization in the nervous system and discusses the role of metabolic transporters in health and diseases of the nervous system.
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