Recent Advances in Clinical Research for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention.
Recent Advances in Clinical Research for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention.
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皮肤癌是美国和世界上最常见的癌症类型。非黑色素瘤和黑色素瘤皮肤癌都与过度暴露于太阳紫外线辐射有明显的联系。化学预防是一种很有吸引力的策略，可以控制日益增长的皮肤癌发病率。由于癌症化学预防的目标人群是具有高癌症风险的健康个体，因此用于预防目的的药理学药物应该既有效又安全。本综述概述了皮肤癌化学预防临床试验的现状，包括研究人群、药物、结果（包括癌症风险降低）、预测性生物标志物和不良反应。研究最多的药物包括非甾体抗炎药、类维生素a、5-氟尿嘧啶和烟酰胺。给药途径可以是口服的或局部的。由于大多数这些药物的试验结果不一致，因此需要在这一领域进行进一步的研究。在美国和世界范围内，由皮肤角质形成细胞或黑色素细胞产生的肿瘤是最常见的癌症类型。由于紫外线辐射可能是几种皮肤癌的致病因素，控制皮肤癌的有效策略包括预防措施，如尽量减少紫外线照射和涂抹防晒霜。然而，防晒霜在降低皮肤癌发病率方面的作用仍不确定。另一种预防皮肤癌的方法是化学预防，它被定义为使用天然产品或合成化合物来抑制、延缓或逆转癌症的发展。临床前研究已经证明了多种药理学制剂和膳食补充剂的有效性。然而，临床前研究结果能否转化为临床应用尚不清楚。本综述评估了近期研究皮肤癌化学预防药物的临床试验的状况，比较了这些试验的目标人群、干预措施、终点和结果。使用关键词“皮肤癌”和“化学预防”，在ClinicalTrials和PubMed数据库中搜索他们的可用文献。本综述的目的是提供有关有前途的化学预防剂在人类受试者中的有效性和副作用的最新信息，并确定研究空白。
Skin cancer is the most common cancer type in the United States and the world. Both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer show a clear association with overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. Chemoprevention is an appealing strategy to control the increasing rate of skin cancer. Since the target population for cancer chemoprevention is healthy individuals with high cancer risk, pharmacological agents that can be used for preventive purposes should be both effective and safe. The present review outlines the current state of skin cancer chemoprevention clinical trials, in terms of study populations, agents, outcomes (including cancer risk reduction), predictive biomarkers, and adverse reactions. The most studied agents include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, retinoids, 5-fluorouracil, and nicotinamide. The route of administration can be oral or topical. Since the trial outcomes for most of these agents are inconsistent, there is a need for additional research in this area. Neoplasm arising from the keratinocytes or melanocytes in the skin is the most prevalent type of cancer in the United States and worldwide. Since ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be a causing factor for several types of skin cancer, effective strategies to manage skin cancer include preventive measures such as minimizing exposure to UV and applying sunscreens. However, the effect of sunscreen in reducing skin cancer incidence remains uncertain. An alternative approach to prevent skin cancer is chemoprevention, which is defined as using either natural products or synthetic compounds to inhibit, delay, or reverse the development of cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of multiple pharmacological agents and dietary supplements. However, whether preclinical findings can be translated into clinical application is unknown. This review evaluates the state of recent clinical trials investigating chemopreventive agents focusing on skin cancer to compare the target populations, interventions, endpoints, and outcomes of these trials. The ClinicalTrials and PubMed databases were searched for their available literature using the key words “skin cancer” and “chemoprevention”. The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the effectiveness and side effects of promising chemopreventive agents in human subjects and to identify research gaps.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Conforti C;Zalaudek I
通讯作者：
Zalaudek I
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Elmets, Craig A.;Cala, Cather M.;Xu, Hui
通讯作者：
Xu, Hui
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Chen, Andrew C.;Martin, Andrew J.;Damian, Diona L.
通讯作者：
Damian, Diona L.
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Krakowski, Andrew C.;Hafeez, Farhaan;Wilson, Melissa
通讯作者：
Wilson, Melissa
DOI：
10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0189
发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Linden KG;Leachman SA;Zager JS;Jakowatz JG;Viner JL;McLaren CE;Barr RJ;Carpenter PM;Chen WP;Elmets CA;Tangrea JA;Lim SJ;Cochran AJ;Meyskens FL Jr
通讯作者：
Meyskens FL Jr