The three Ts of virulence evolution during zoonotic emergence.

The three Ts of virulence evolution during zoonotic emergence.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2021.0900
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发表时间:
2021-08-11
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Boots M
Boots M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Visher E;Evensen C;Guth S;Lai E;Norfolk M;Rozins C;Sokolov NA;Sui M;Boots M

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人们对进化在当前和未来流行病中可能发挥的作用越来越感兴趣,但对实际的进化预测往往也存在相当大的困惑。这可能部分是由于进化和医学领域的历史分离,但关于传染病的进化,有大量的,有点微妙的证据支持的理论。在这篇综述中,我们综合了这一进化理论,以提供一个框架,更清晰地理解的关键原则。具体而言,我们讨论了选择作用于人畜共患病病原体的传播率和毒力在溢出和出现。我们解释了如何在新出现的人畜共患病流行期间的选择的方向和强度可以理解的三个T的框架:权衡,传输和时间尺度。毒力和传播率可能会权衡,但传播率很可能有利于选择早期出现,特别是如果不适应的人畜共患病病原体有'无成本'的传播率提高突变提供给他们。此外,最佳毒力和传播率可以随着流行的时间尺度而变化。因此,预测病原体的进化取决于对改善传播的突变和选择的时间尺度的权衡。
There is increasing interest in the role that evolution may play in current and future pandemics, but there is often also considerable confusion about the actual evolutionary predictions. This may be, in part, due to a historical separation of evolutionary and medical fields, but there is a large, somewhat nuanced body of evidence-supported theory on the evolution of infectious disease. In this review, we synthesize this evolutionary theory in order to provide a framework for clearer understanding of the key principles. Specifically, we discuss the selection acting on zoonotic pathogens' transmission rates and virulence at spillover and during emergence. We explain how the direction and strength of selection during epidemics of emerging zoonotic disease can be understood by a three Ts framework: trade-offs, transmission, and time scales. Virulence and transmission rate may trade-off, but transmission rate is likely to be favoured by selection early in emergence, particularly if maladapted zoonotic pathogens have ‘no-cost’ transmission rate improving mutations available to them. Additionally, the optimal virulence and transmission rates can shift with the time scale of the epidemic. Predicting pathogen evolution, therefore, depends on understanding both the trade-offs of transmission-improving mutations and the time scales of selection.
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