The mechanism of double-stranded DNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway.

The mechanism of double-stranded DNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.006
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发表时间:
2014-12
影响因子:
13
通讯作者:
Li, Pingwei
Li, Pingwei
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shu, Chang;Li, Xin;Li, Pingwei

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微生物核酸通过刺激I型干扰素的表达诱导有效的先天免疫应答。环GMP-AMP合酶(cGAS)是介导对微生物DNA的先天免疫的胞质dsDNA传感器。cGAS被dsDNA激活并催化具有2 ',5'和3 ',5'磷酸二酯键的环状二核苷酸cGAMP的合成。cGAMP与位于内质网膜上的衔接子STING结合,并介导蛋白激酶TBK 1和转录因子IRF 3的募集和激活。磷酸化IRF 3易位至细胞核并启动IFN-β基因的转录。cGAS及其与dsDNA的复合物、STING及其与各种环状二核苷酸的复合物的晶体结构最近已被确定。在这里,我们总结了这些结构研究的结果,并概述了dsDNA激活cGAS的机制,cGAS的催化机制,以及cGAMP激活STING的结构基础。
Microbial nucleic acids induce potent innate immune responses by stimulating the expression of type I interferons. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic dsDNA sensor mediating the innate immunity to microbial DNA. cGAS is activated by dsDNA and catalyzes the synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP with 2',5' and 3',5' phosphodiester linkages. cGAMP binds to the adaptor STING located on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and mediates the recruitment and activation of the protein kinase TBK1 and transcription factor IRF3. Phosphorylated IRF3 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of the IFN-β gene. The crystal structures of cGAS and its complex with dsDNA, STING and its complex with various cyclic dinucleotides have been determined recently. Here we summarize the results from these structural studies and provide an overview about the mechanism of cGAS activation by dsDNA, the catalytic mechanism of cGAS, and the structural basis of STING activation by cGAMP.
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