Food packaging and bisphenol A and bis(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate exposure: findings from a dietary intervention.
Food packaging and bisphenol A and bis(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate exposure: findings from a dietary intervention.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1003170
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Brody JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudel RA;Gray JM;Engel CL;Rawsthorne TW;Dodson RE;Ackerman JM;Rizzo J;Nudelman JL;Brody JG
背景：双酚A （BPA）和邻苯二甲酸双（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是用于食品包装塑料和树脂的大批量化学品。在动物和一些人类研究中，它们与内分泌紊乱有关。人类暴露源已被估计，但膳食暴露对总摄入量的相对贡献尚未进行实证研究。目的：为了评估食品包装对暴露的影响，我们在“新鲜食品”饮食干预之前、期间和之后测量了尿液中的双酚a和邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物。方法：我们选择了5个家庭的20名参与者，根据他们自己报告的使用罐装和包装食品的情况。参与者吃平常的食物，然后吃3天没有罐头或塑料包装的“新鲜食物”，然后恢复正常的饮食。我们于2010年1月收集了8天的夜间尿样，并将其分为干预前、干预中和干预后样本。我们使用混合效应模型进行重复测量，并使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验来评估尿水平随时间的变化。结果：在新鲜食品干预期间，尿液中BPA和DEHP代谢物水平显著降低[例如，BPA几何平均值（GM），干预前为3.7 ng/mL，干预期间为1.2 ng/mL；邻苯二甲酸单-（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）GM, 57 ng/mL vs. 25 ng/mL]。干预使BPA的转基因浓度降低了66%，DEHP代谢物降低了53-56%。BPA的Maxima降低76%，DEHP代谢物的Maxima降低93-96%。结论：当参与者的饮食仅限于包装有限的食物时，BPA和DEHP的暴露量大大减少。
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are high-production-volume chemicals used in plastics and resins for food packaging. They have been associated with endocrine disruption in animals and in some human studies. Human exposure sources have been estimated, but the relative contribution of dietary exposure to total intake has not been studied empirically. Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of food packaging to exposure, we measured urinary BPA and phthalate metabolites before, during, and after a “fresh foods” dietary intervention. Methods: We selected 20 participants in five families based on self-reported use of canned and packaged foods. Participants ate their usual diet, followed by 3 days of “fresh foods” that were not canned or packaged in plastic, and then returned to their usual diet. We collected evening urine samples over 8 days in January 2010 and composited them into preintervention, during intervention, and postintervention samples. We used mixed-effects models for repeated measures and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to assess change in urinary levels across time. Results: Urine levels of BPA and DEHP metabolites decreased significantly during the fresh foods intervention [e.g., BPA geometric mean (GM), 3.7 ng/mL preintervention vs. 1.2 ng/mL during intervention; mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy hexyl) phthalate GM, 57 ng/mL vs. 25 ng/mL]. The intervention reduced GM concentrations of BPA by 66% and DEHP metabolites by 53–56%. Maxima were reduced by 76% for BPA and 93–96% for DEHP metabolites. Conclusions: BPA and DEHP exposures were substantially reduced when participants’ diets were restricted to food with limited packaging.
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影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Feng, YL;Zhu, JP;Sensenstein, R
通讯作者：
Sensenstein, R
影响因子：
--
作者：
Meeker JD;Calafat AM;Hauser R
通讯作者：
Hauser R
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Colacino JA;Harris TR;Schecter A
通讯作者：
Schecter A
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Ji, Kyunghee;Kho, Young Lim;Choi, Kyungho
通讯作者：
Choi, Kyungho
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Koch, HM;Bolt, HM;Angerer, J
通讯作者：
Angerer, J