Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact on human health and disease.
Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact on human health and disease.
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DOI：
10.3945/an.112.003210
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prasad AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prasad AS
锌在人体中的重要性于1963年确立。在过去的50年里，人类锌代谢的临床和基础科学都取得了巨大的进展。导致缺锌的主要因素是发展中国家高的含植酸的谷物蛋白摄入量，近20亿人可能缺锌。在吸收不良综合征、肝病、慢性肾病、镰状细胞病和其他慢性疾病患者中观察到锌的条件性缺乏。人类缺锌导致的主要临床问题包括生长迟缓、细胞介导的免疫功能障碍和认知障碍。在中东，缺锌的侏儒活不过25岁，他们死于并发感染。在1963年，我们只知道3种酶需要锌来维持其活性，但现在我们知道超过300种酶和超过1000种转录因子需要锌来维持其活性。锌是免疫细胞的第二信使，这些细胞中的细胞内游离锌参与信号事件。锌已被非常成功地用作儿童急性腹泻、威尔逊病、普通感冒的治疗方式，并用于预防与年龄相关的干性黄斑变性患者的失明，并且在降低老年人感染的发生率方面非常有效。锌不仅调节细胞介导的免疫力，而且是一种抗氧化剂和抗炎剂。
The essentiality of zinc in humans was established in 1963. During the past 50 y, tremendous advances in both clinical and basic sciences of zinc metabolism in humans have been observed. The major factor contributing to zinc deficiency is high phytate-containing cereal protein intake in the developing world, and nearly 2 billion subjects may be zinc deficient. Conditioned deficiency of zinc has been observed in patients with malabsorption syndrome, liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, and other chronic illnesses. Major clinical problems resulting from zinc deficiency in humans include growth retardation; cell-mediated immune dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. In the Middle East, zinc-deficient dwarfs did not live beyond the age of 25 y, and they died because of intercurrent infections. In 1963, we knew of only 3 enzymes that required zinc for their activities, but now we know of >300 enzymes and >1000 transcription factors that are known to require zinc for their activities. Zinc is a second messenger of immune cells, and intracellular free zinc in these cells participate in signaling events. Zinc has been very successfully used as a therapeutic modality for the management of acute diarrhea in children, Wilson’s disease, the common cold and for the prevention of blindness in patients with age-related dry type of macular degeneration and is very effective in decreasing the incidence of infection in the elderly. Zinc not only modulates cell-mediated immunity but is also an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.6.e1002
发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Beck, FWJ;Prasad, AS;Brewer, GJ
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
7.1
作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-291x(77)91232-3
发表时间：
1977-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
BRODY, MS;STEINBERG, JR;LUECKE, RW
通讯作者：
LUECKE, RW
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
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Swerdlow, Paul
影响因子：
39.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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