Involvement of dopamine loss in extrastriatal basal ganglia nuclei in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
Involvement of dopamine loss in extrastriatal basal ganglia nuclei in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2014.00087
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Chetrit J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benazzouz A;Mamad O;Abedi P;Bouali-Benazzouz R;Chetrit J
帕金森病（Parkinson's disease，PD）是一种以运动不能、肌肉强直和静止时震颤等运动症状为特征的神经系统疾病。这些症状典型地归因于黑质（SNc）的腹侧部多巴胺神经元的变性，这导致纹状体中的多巴胺显著耗尽。已经确定，SNc中的多巴胺神经元不仅支配作为主要靶点的纹状体，而且还支配其他基底神经节核，包括苍白球的两个区段和丘脑底核（subthalamic nucleus，简称TH）。多巴胺及其耗竭在纹状体中的作用是众所周知的，然而，在苍白球复合体和纹状体中多巴胺耗竭在其异常神经元活动和帕金森病运动缺陷的发生中的作用仍然没有明确确定。根据最近的实验数据，帕金森病的啮齿动物和非人灵长类动物的动物模型，也从帕金森病患者，本文综述了目前的知识多巴胺的作用，在基底神经节神经元活动的调制和多巴胺耗竭的作用，在这些核在帕金森病的病理生理。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the manifestation of motor symptoms, such as akinesia, muscle rigidity and tremor at rest. These symptoms are classically attributed to the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the pars compacta of substantia nigra (SNc), which results in a marked dopamine depletion in the striatum. It is well established that dopamine neurons in the SNc innervate not only the striatum, which is the main target, but also other basal ganglia nuclei including the two segments of globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The role of dopamine and its depletion in the striatum is well known, however, the role of dopamine depletion in the pallidal complex and the STN in the genesis of their abnormal neuronal activity and in parkinsonian motor deficits is still not clearly determined. Based on recent experimental data from animal models of Parkinson’s disease in rodents and non-human primates and also from parkinsonian patients, this review summarizes current knowledge on the role of dopamine in the modulation of basal ganglia neuronal activity and also the role of dopamine depletion in these nuclei in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease.
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