Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms.
Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms.
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DOI：
10.3390/cells11071182
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发表时间：
2022-03-31
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Zhang B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aileni M;Rohela GK;Jogam P;Soujanya S;Zhang B
新型严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）的爆发是导致全球持续公共卫生紧急情况的原因。它通常被称为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）;随着其新变种的出现，大流行的威胁继续在世界各地蔓延。COVID-19的严重程度从无症状到严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）不等，导致人类死亡率高企，并破坏社会经济福祉。为了恢复疫情前的正常状态，国际科学界一直在以战争状态进行研究，通过诊断、治疗和免疫来限制极端致病性的COVID-19。自首次报告COVID-19病毒感染以来，出现了一系列基于实验室和即时护理（POC）的方法来诊断和了解其爆发状态。基于RT-PCR的病毒核酸检测（NAT）是发展迅速且使用最多的COVID-19检测方法之一。值得注意的是，COVID-19目前的禁止状态需要开发安全、有针对性的疫苗/疫苗注射（注射），以降低其相关的发病率和死亡率。大规模和加速的疫苗接种运动将是结束COVID-19大流行的最有效和最终希望。自SARS-CoV-2病毒爆发以来，新兴的生物技术及其多学科方法加速了对分子细节的理解，以及广泛的诊断和潜在疫苗候选物的开发，这对于抗击高度传染性的COVID-19是不可或缺的。几种候选疫苗已完成III期临床研究，据报道，在通过紧急使用授权（EUA）推出后，可有效预防COVID-19。然而，优化候选疫苗的类型及其最能控制病毒传播的递送途径，对于应对预计随着时间的推移而出现的威胁性变异至关重要。总之，本次审查的见解将有助于开发更有可能的诊断方法和理想的疫苗，用于全球控制COVID-19。
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.
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