Weight Loss Strategies and the Risk of Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss.
Weight Loss Strategies and the Risk of Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu13072473
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发表时间：
2021-07-20
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Berg A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarthy D;Berg A
由于能量摄入限制和运动仍然是减肥的关键饮食和生活方式，这对身体成分，代谢健康以及生活质量和数量都有潜在的负面影响。理想情况下，体重减轻应该几乎完全来自脂肪量隔室，因为这是代谢疾病的主要驱动因素，然而，一些研究表明，伴随着无脂肪隔室的组织损失，特别是骨骼肌。包括绝经后妇女、老年人、代谢性疾病患者和运动员在内的人群在进行体重管理计划时可能特别有骨骼肌损失的风险。对在一系列人群中解决这一问题的研究进行了回顾，重点关注运动的抵抗力和耐力形式以及高于当前0.8 g/kg体重/天指南的较高膳食蛋白质摄入量的贡献。虽然研究结果可能是矛盾的，但总体而言，共识似乎是可以保留无脂肪和骨骼肌质量，尽管在体重管理干预中包括两种形式的运动（但特别是阻力形式）在不同程度上。同样，摄入更多的蛋白质可以保护这些身体部位的损失，单独或与运动协同作用。特别是老年人可能从这种方法中受益最多。因此，证据支持建议将健康老年人群的蛋白质摄入量高于当前指南0.8 g/kg体重/d，并将其纳入该年龄组体重管理的饮食处方中。
With energy intake restriction and exercise remaining the key diet and lifestyle approaches to weight loss, this is not without potential negative implications for body composition, metabolic health, and quality and quantity of life. Ideally, weight loss should be derived almost exclusively from the fat mass compartment as this is the main driver of metabolic disease, however, several studies have shown that there is an accompanying loss of tissue from the fat-free compartment, especially skeletal muscle. Population groups including post-menopausal women, the elderly, those with metabolic disease and athletes may be particularly at risk of skeletal muscle loss when following a weight management programme. Research studies that have addressed this issue across a range of population groups are reviewed with a focus upon the contribution of resistance and endurance forms of exercise and a higher intake dietary protein above the current guideline of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day. While findings can be contradictory, overall, the consensus appears that fat-free and skeletal muscle masses can be preserved, albeit to varying degrees by including both forms of exercise (but especially resistance forms) in the weight management intervention. Equally, higher intakes of protein can protect loss of these body compartments, acting either separately or synergistically with exercise. Elderly individuals in particular may benefit most from this approach. Thus, the evidence supports the recommendations for intakes of protein above the current guidelines of 0.8 g/kg body weight/d for the healthy elderly population to also be incorporated into the dietary prescription for weight management in this age group.
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