Inhalant and Additional Mucosal-Related Environmental Risks for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Inhalant and Additional Mucosal-Related Environmental Risks for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.rdc.2022.06.002
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发表时间:
2022-11
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
England, Bryant R.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luedders, Brent A.;Mikuls, Ted R.;Thiele, Geoffrey M.;Poole, Jill A.;England, Bryant R.
关键词:
DiscussionMounting evidence supports the notion that the risk of developing RA is multifactorial and impacted by many genetic and environmental factors (Fig. 1). Particularly among individuals who carry HLA-DRB1 risk alleles, environmental exposures and diseases affecting the respiratory tract act as major risk factors for the development of RA, with a leading theory being that the lung mucosa may be an initial site of autoimmunity in RA. Exposures and diseases at other mucosal sites including the oralSummaryInhalant exposures including cigarette smoking and a variety of other occupational and environmental biohazard exposures are associated with a higher risk of developing RA. Similarly, respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and infections have been linked to RA risk, though the relative contributions of these diseases versus the environmental exposures that led to these diseases largely remain to be determined. Beyond the respiratory tract, periodontal disease and alterations of the oral and
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影响因子:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
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通讯作者:
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通讯作者:
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DOI:
10.1097/jom.0b013e3182529799
发表时间:
2012-06-01
影响因子:
3.2
作者:
Jones, Kelly A.;Smith, Besa;Smith, Tyler C.
通讯作者:
Smith, Tyler C.