Repair after brainstem ischemia involves neurogenesis and the rubrospinal system.
Repair after brainstem ischemia involves neurogenesis and the rubrospinal system.
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DOI：
10.1002/ana.25265
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Schlaug G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rüber T;Schlaug G
对中风恢复的预测因子和促进因子的研究构成了临床神经科学的新前沿之一，将中风恢复和脑修复牢牢地置于中风患者的连续护理中。正是出于这个原因，NIH 将中风康复作为 StrokeNet 资助计划的三大支柱之一。 1 在最新一期《神经病学年鉴》上发表的一项研究中，2 Minnerup 及其同事使用组织学评估、MRI 以及运动测试来检查新型脑干中风大鼠模型中的运动恢复及其结构相关性。显着的发现是背侧脑干中新描述的神经源性部位的损伤后激活以及皮质-红斑-脊髓系统及其红斑中继站的结构重组（可能允许与下行脊髓系统交叉和非交叉连接）。他们的发现得到了先前研究的支持，这些研究显示了大鼠第四脑室底部神经发生的证据，以及下行运动系统损伤后红核及其解剖附近的结构变化/重塑。 4, 5 他们的两项主要发现都值得讨论，以便为人类中风提供进一步的视角。首先，过去二十年的研究表明，成人大脑中会产生新的神经元，并且大脑受损后会促进新神经元的产生。 6 神经发生已被可靠地证明存在于跨物种哺乳动物大脑的两个生发生态位中：侧脑室的脑室下区和齿状回的颗粒下层。 7 对局灶性皮质缺血动物模型的研究反复证明，脑室下区的增殖和神经源性分化增加，产生神经母细胞，这些神经母细胞迁移到梗塞周围皮质，并在那里成熟为神经元。背侧脑干的神经发生从未像 Minnerup 及其同事的研究那样令人信服地得到证实，并且引发了关于成人神经发生是否发生在人类海马体中的新讨论，这是由最近两项相反结果的研究引发的。 9, 10 然而，经典的神经源性生态位不会被脑干病变激活，并且当前研究的新颖性
The investigation of predictors and facilitators of stroke recovery constitutes one of the new frontiers in clinical neuroscience, firmly placing stroke recovery and brain repair within the continuum of care for stroke patients. It is for this reason that the NIH has made stroke recovery one of the three pillars of the StrokeNet grant program. 1 In a study published in the most recent issue of Annals of Neurology, 2 Minnerup and colleagues used histological assessments, MRI as well as motor testing to examine motor recovery and its structural correlates in a novel rat model of brainstem stroke. Remarkable findings were the postlesional activation of a newly described neurogenic site in the dorsal brainstem and the structural reorganization of the cortico-rubro-spinal system with its rubral relay station (possibly allowing crossed and uncrossed connections with the descending spinal system). Their findings are supported by previous studies showing evidence of neurogenesis in the floor of the IVth ventricle in rats3 and structural changes/remodeling of the red nucleus and its anatomical vicinity after lesion to the descending motor system. 4, 5 Both of their main findings deserve discussion to provide further perspective with regard to human stroke.First, the last two decades of research have demonstrated that new neurons are produced in the adult brain and that their production is facilitated after damage to the brain. 6 Neurogenesis has reliably been proven to subsist in two germinal niches of the mammalian brain across species: in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus. 7 Studies with animal models of focal cortical ischemia have repetitively demonstrated an increased proliferation and neurogenic differentiation in the subventricular zone to generate neuroblasts which migrate to peri-infarct cortex where they mature into neurons. Neurogenesis in the dorsal brainstem has never been as convincingly shown as in the study by Minnerup and colleagues and falls in the midst of a renewed discussion about whether or not adult neurogenesis occurs in the human hippocampus, which has been sparked by two recent studies with contrary results. 9, 10 However, the classic neurogenic niches are not activated by brainstem lesion and the novelty of the current study
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Benowitz LI;Carmichael ST
通讯作者：
Carmichael ST
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bauer, S;Hay, M;Moyse, E
通讯作者：
Moyse, E
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Sorrells SF;Paredes MF;Cebrian-Silla A;Sandoval K;Qi D;Kelley KW;James D;Mayer S;Chang J;Auguste KI;Chang EF;Gutierrez AJ;Kriegstein AR;Mathern GW;Oldham MC;Huang EJ;Garcia-Verdugo JM;Yang Z;Alvarez-Buylla A
通讯作者：
Alvarez-Buylla A
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Byblow, Winston D.;Stinear, Cathy M.;Ackerley, Suzanne J.
通讯作者：
Ackerley, Suzanne J.
影响因子：
23.9
作者：
Boldrini M;Fulmore CA;Tartt AN;Simeon LR;Pavlova I;Poposka V;Rosoklija GB;Stankov A;Arango V;Dwork AJ;Hen R;Mann JJ
通讯作者：
Mann JJ