Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: Current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications.
Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: Current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications.
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作者：
Jia Y;Yu L;Ma T;Xu W;Qian H;Sun Y;Shi H
细胞外囊泡，特别是小的细胞外囊泡（sEV）现在被接受为细胞间通讯中的重要信使和作为有前途的药物递送平台。它们参与几乎所有的生理和病理过程，并参与疾病的诊断和治疗。然而，其理化性质和功能的异质性尚未完全了解，这阻碍了进一步的临床应用。获得高产量和高纯度的高活性sEV，将有助于其进一步的研究和应用。本文综述了sEV分离的常用和前沿技术的最新研究，并对不同方法进行了深入的比较和分析，包括其优点，局限性和应用。悬而未决的问题，这些小泡的固有特性以及隔离策略进行了讨论。此外，综述了它们在疾病诊断和治疗中的应用，包括一些正在进行的临床试验。
Extracellular vesicles, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are now accepted as important messengers in cell-to-cell communication and as a promising drug delivery platform. They are involved in nearly all physiological and pathological processes and are involved in disease diagnosis and therapy. However, their heterogeneity of physicochemical properties and functions is not fully understood, which hinders further clinical applications. To obtain highly bioactive sEVs with both high yield and purity, will certainly facilitate their future study and application. This review informs up-to-date research on frequently-used and cutting-edge technologies of sEVs isolation and makes a deep comparison and analysis of different methods, including their advantages, limitations and applications. Pending questions about the inherent property of these small vesicles as well as isolation strategies are discussed. Additionally, an overview of their applications in disease diagnosis and treatment, including some of the on-going clinical trials, are also reviewed.
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