Membrane Ruffling is a Mechanosensor of Extracellular Fluid Viscosity.

Membrane Ruffling is a Mechanosensor of Extracellular Fluid Viscosity.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41567-022-01676-y
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发表时间:
2022-09
期刊:
影响因子:
19.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
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--
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细胞的行为受到细胞及其微环境的物理力和机械性能的影响。细胞外液的粘度--细胞微环境的一个组成部分--可以变化几个数量级,但它对细胞行为的影响在很大程度上仍有待研究。使用生物相容聚合物来增加培养液的粘度,我们表征了粘度如何影响细胞行为。我们发现,多种类型的贴壁细胞以一种意想不到但相似的方式对粘度升高做出反应。在高粘性介质中,细胞的扩散面积增加一倍,局部黏附形成和周转增加,产生明显更大的牵引力,迁移速度几乎快两倍。我们观察到,当细胞浸泡在常规介质中时,这些粘度依赖的反应需要一个活跃的褶皱的片状脂基--细胞前端的一种动态膜结构。我们提出的证据表明,细胞利用膜褶皱来感知细胞外液粘度的变化,并触发适应性反应。
Cell behaviour is affected by the physical forces and mechanical properties of the cells and of their microenvironment. The viscosity of extracellular fluid — a component of the cellular microenvironment — can vary by orders of magnitude, but its effect on cell behaviour remains largely unexplored. Using bio-compatible polymers to increase the viscosity of the culture medium, we characterize how viscosity affects cell behaviour. We find that multiple types of adherent cells respond in an unexpected but similar manner to elevated viscosity. In a highly viscous medium, cells double their spread area, exhibit increased focal adhesion formation and turnover, generate significantly greater traction forces, and migrate nearly two times faster. We observe that when cells are immersed in regular medium, these viscosity-dependent responses require an actively ruffling lamellipodium — a dynamic membrane structure at the front of the cell. We present evidence that cells utilize membrane ruffling to sense changes in extracellular fluid viscosity and to trigger adaptive responses.
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