Differences between homologous alleles of olfactory receptor genes require the Polycomb Group protein Eed.
Differences between homologous alleles of olfactory receptor genes require the Polycomb Group protein Eed.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.200706053
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发表时间：
2007-10-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Panning B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander MK;Mlynarczyk-Evans S;Royce-Tolland M;Plocik A;Kalantry S;Magnuson T;Panning B
许多哺乳动物的基因只在两条同源染色体中的一条上表达，这两条染色体是在每个细胞中随机选择的。这些基因包括X失活基因、嗅觉受体（OR）基因和几类免疫系统基因。建立单等位基因表达的方法才刚刚开始被理解。使用细胞学检测，我们发现，两个同源等位基因的常染色体随机单等位基因位点不同，彼此在胚胎干细胞（ES），建立单等位基因表达。Polycomb Group基因Eed是建立这种独特行为所必需的。此外，我们发现当Eed突变ES细胞分化时，它们未能在OR位点建立异步复制时机。这些结果表明，一个共同的机制，随机单等位基因表达的常染色体和X染色体，并牵连EED在建立同源OR基因座之间的差异分化前后。
Anumber of mammalian genes are expressed from only one of the two homologous chromosomes, selected at random in each cell. These include genes subject to X-inactivation, olfactory receptor (OR) genes, and several classes of immune system genes. The means by which monoallelic expression is established are only beginning to be understood. Using a cytological assay, we show that the two homologous alleles of autosomal random monoallelic loci differ from each other in embryonic stem (ES) cells, before establishment of monoallelic expression. The Polycomb Group gene Eed is required to establish this distinctive behavior. In addition, we found that when Eed mutant ES cells are differentiated, they fail to establish asynchronous replication timing at OR loci. These results suggest a common mechanism for random monoallelic expression on autosomes and the X chromosome, and implicate Eed in establishing differences between homologous OR loci before and after differentiation.
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