Task-based Embedded Assessment of Functional Abilities for Aging in Place
Task-based Embedded Assessment of Functional Abilities for Aging in Place
复制标题
基于任务的就地养老功能能力嵌入式评估
DOI：
10.1184/r1/6723497.v1
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
Matthew L. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthew L. Lee
许多老年人希望通过在自己的家中独立生活和衰老来保持自己的生活质量。然而，老年人很难注意到和跟踪自己能力的细微变化，因为这些能力可能会在很长一段时间内逐渐变化。以无处不在的传感器形式嵌入到家中物品中的技术可以在很长一段时间内不引人注目地、客观地、连续地跟踪个人的功能能力。这项研究引入了一种名为“基于任务的嵌入式评估”的传感技术，该技术可以监测对独立非常重要的特定任务在多大程度上使用家中的日常物品来完成，这些物品是人们经常与之互动的。在对老年人及其照顾者的信息需求进行形成性研究后，设计、建造和评估了一种名为“住宅感知”的传感系统，它可以监测、评估和提供关于个人完成任务的情况的反馈，如服药、使用电话和煮咖啡。使用了多次长期(超过10个月)的DavellSense现场部署，以调查从系统收集的数据如何支持对提高任务绩效的能力和意图的更大自我意识。呈现和反映来自诸如dwellSense等无处不在的传感系统的数据是具有挑战性的，因为它既是高维的，又是大容量的，特别是如果它是长期收集的。因此，这项工作还研究了反思的时间维度，并发现实时反馈对于支持行为变化特别有用，而较长期的趋势反馈对于更好地意识到能力是有用的。传统的评估个体功能能力的形式往往要么有偏见，要么缺乏生态有效性，要么不常见，要么进行起来很昂贵。基于传感器的自动化评估方法与由训练有素的临床医生进行的传统性能测试进行了比较，发现与临床医生生成的客观、频繁和生态有效的评级非常匹配。这篇论文的贡献不仅促进了维持老年人生活质量和照顾老年人的最新水平，而且为设计个人感知系统提供了基础，该系统旨在通过客观、及时的感知信息的反馈来评估个人的能力和支持行为。
Many older adults desire to maintain their quality of life by living and aging independently in their own homes. However, it is difficult for older adults to notice and track the subtle changes in their own abilities because these abilities can change gradually over a long period of time. Technology in the form of ubiquitous sensors embedded in objects in the home can play a role in keeping track of the functional abilities of individuals unobtrusively, objectively, and continuously over a long period of time. This work introduces a sensing technique called "task-based embedded assessment" that monitors how well specific tasks important for independence are carried out using everyday objects found in the home with which individuals regularly interact. Following formative studies on the information needs of older adults and their caregivers, a sensing system called "dwellSense" that can monitor, assess, and provide feedback about how well individuals complete tasks, such as taking medications, using the phone, and making coffee, was designed, built, and evaluated. Multiple longterm (over 10 months) field deployments of dwellSense were used to investigate how the data collected from the system could support greater self-awareness of abilities and intentions to improve in task performance. Presenting and reflecting on data from ubiquitous sensing systems such as dwellSense is challenging because it is both highly dimensional as well as large in volume, particularly if it is collected over a long period of time. Thus, this work also investigates the time dimension of reflection and has identified that real-time feedback is particularly useful for supporting behavior change, and longer-term trended feedback is useful for greater awareness of abilities. Traditional forms of assessing the functional abilities of individuals tend to be either biased, lacking ecological validity, infrequent, or expensive to conduct. An automated sensor-based approach for assessment is compared to traditional performance testing by a trained clinician and found to match well with clinician-generated ratings that are objective, frequent, and ecologically valid. The contributions from this thesis not only advance the state of the art for maintaining quality of life and care for older adults, but also provide the foundations for designing personal sensing systems that aim to assess an individual's abilities and support behaviors through the feedback of objective, timely sensed information.
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