Impulsive Enzymes: A New Force in Mechanobiology.

Impulsive Enzymes: A New Force in Mechanobiology.
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DOI:
10.1007/s12195-014-0376-1
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发表时间:
2015-03-01
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Sen, Ayusman
Sen, Ayusman
中科院分区:
工程技术4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Butler, Peter J.;Dey, Krishna K.;Sen, Ayusman

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我们回顾研究,量化新发现的力量,从单一的酶促反应。这些力来自于化学能转化为动能,可以利用动能来引导酶沿着底物的浓度梯度向上扩散,这是一种新的分子趋化现象。当固定化时,酶可以在它们周围移动流体,并在微流体室中进行定向泵送。由于生物细胞中广泛的酶阵列,我们还开发了三个新的假设:酶的自扩散可以帮助组织细胞中的信号通路,可以帮助泵送细胞中的液体,并可以对细胞器施加生物学上重要的力,这将表现为热作用力或肌球蛋白II无法解释的随机运动。这种机械化学现象开辟了机械生物学研究的新方向,其中所有的酶,除了它们作为反应催化剂的主要功能外,还可能具有作为机械敏感性转导途径的引发剂的次要功能。
We review studies that quantify newly discovered forces from single enzymatic reactions. These forces arise from the conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy, which can be harnessed to direct diffusion of the enzyme up a concentration gradient of substrate, a novel phenomenon of molecular chemotaxis. When immobilized, enzymes can move fluid around them and perform directional pumping in microfluidic chambers. Because of the extensive array of enzymes in biological cells, we also develop three new hypotheses: that enzymatic self diffusion can assist in organizing signaling pathways in cells, can assist in pumping of fluid in cells, and can impose biologically significant forces on organelles, which will be manifested as stochastic motion not explained by thermal forces or myosin II. Such mechanochemical phenomena open up new directions in research in mechanobiology in which all enzymes, in addition to their primary function as catalysts for reactions, may have secondary functions as initiators of mechanosensitive transduction pathways.
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