Deciding for others as a neutral party recruits risk-neutral perspective-taking: Model-based behavioral and fMRI experiments.
Deciding for others as a neutral party recruits risk-neutral perspective-taking: Model-based behavioral and fMRI experiments.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-31308-6
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发表时间：
2018-08-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kameda T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogawa A;Ueshima A;Inukai K;Kameda T
在我们的社会中，为他人做出危险的决策是普遍存在的。虽然为自己制定的财务决策会引起对最坏结果（最大最小关注）以及预期价值的强烈关注，但为他人决策的行为和神经特征却鲜为人知。我们进行了行为和功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 实验，以自我决策为基准，检查匿名他人的危险决策的神经认知基础。我们表明，尽管最大最小关注同样强烈地影响两种类型的决策，但为他人做出的决策比为自己做出的决策采用了更加风险中性的计算机制。具体来说，参与者在为他人选择有风险的选项时表现出更加平衡的信息搜索。右颞顶交界处（rTPJ，与认知观点采择相关）的活动受到为他人决策时选项的预期值以及为自己决策时的最小数量的参数调节。此外，自我报告的移情关注的个体差异改变了这些注意力和神经过程。总体而言，这些结果表明，与自己相比，为他人做决策时，典型的最大最小关注在风险中性方向上减弱。我们推测，考虑到其他人的不同偏好，作为中立方做出决定可能会在认知上招募这种风险中立的人。
Risky decision making for others is ubiquitous in our societies. Whereas financial decision making for oneself induces strong concern about the worst outcome (maximin concern) as well as the expected value, behavioral and neural characteristics of decision making for others are less well understood. We conducted behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to examine the neurocognitive underpinnings of risky decisions for an anonymous other, using decisions for self as a benchmark. We show that, although the maximin concern affected both types of decisions equally strongly, decision making for others recruited a more risk-neutral computational mechanism than decision making for self. Specifically, participants exhibited more balanced information search when choosing a risky option for others. Activity of right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ, associated with cognitive perspective taking) was parametrically modulated by options’ expected values in decisions for others, and by the minimum amounts in decisions for self. Furthermore, individual differences in self-reported empathic concern modified these attentional and neural processes. Overall, these results indicate that the typical maximin concern is attenuated in a risk-neutral direction in decisions for others as compared to self. We conjecture that, given others’ diverse preferences, deciding as a neutral party may cognitively recruit such risk-neutrality.
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